补充阅读英文书目
正如在序言中所述,关于俄国所做战争努力的(英文)文献是稀少而且时常不可靠的,大部分材料都源自法文和德文资料。一个例外是Alexander Mikaberidze,The Battle of Borodino(Barnsley,2007)。同一位作者还编纂了一本关于这一时期俄国军官团的有用著作:The Russian Officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars,1795-1815(Staplehurst,2005)。同样颇有价值的是Alexander and Iurii Zhmodikov,Tactics of the Russian Army in the Napoleonic Wars,2 vols.(West Chester,2003),但这是一个非常稀见的版本,书本身很难得到。克里斯托弗·达菲(Christopher Duffy)对英语读者理解俄军做出过巨大贡献,但他的主要著作涵盖的是拿破仑战争之前的时间段:Russia’s Military Way to the West(London,1981)和Eagles over the Alps:Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland 1799(Chicago,1999)。他还就奥斯特利茨会战和博罗季诺会战写过两本小书:Austerlitz 和Borodino and the War of 1812,这两本书都在1999年由伦敦的Cassell出版社发行了新版。
许多西方学者已经撰写了大量优秀的英文图书,为(俄罗斯)帝国与拿破仑的战争提供了背景材料。尤其要参阅威廉·富勒(William Fuller)的卓越著作Strategy and Power in Russia,1600-1914,New York,1992;Patricia Grimsted,The Foreign Ministers of Alexander I,Berkeley,1969;Janet Hartley,Alexander I,London,1994和Russia,1762-1825:Military Power,the State and the People,London,2008;John Keep,Soldiers of the Tsar,1462-1874,Oxford,1985;John Le Donne,The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire,1650-1831,Oxford,2004;Alexander Martin,Romantics,Reformers,Reactionaries:Russian Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I,De Kalb,Ill.,1997;Alan Palmer,Alexander I:Tsar of War and Peace,London,1974;Richard Pipes,Karamzin’s Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia:A Translation and Analysis,Ann Arbor,2005;Nicholas Riasanovsky,A Parting of Ways:Government and the Educated Public in Russia 1801-1855,Oxford,1976;David Saunders,Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform 1801-1881,London,1992;Elise Kimerling Wirtschafter,From Serf to Russian Soldier,Princeton,1990。
寻觅俄国政府、社会和文化背景信息的读者可以参考我编纂的The Cambridge History of Russia(Cambridge,2006)第二卷,其中包括了俄罗斯帝国史领域的专家们做出的诸多精彩贡献。在这一卷和前一段列出的参考书目里,有兴趣的读者都可以找到指引他们进一步深入亚历山大一世时代和与拿破仑战争有关的少数英文学术论文。
由参与战争的俄国人撰写的回忆录已经有不少被翻译成了英文:Nadezhda Durova,The Cavalry Maiden:Journals of a Female Russian Officer in the Napoleonic Wars,ed. and trans. Mary Fleming Zirin,Bloomington,Ill.,1989;Denis Davydov,In the Service of the Tsar against Napoleon:The Memoirs of Denis Davydov,ed. and trans. Gregory Troubetzkoy,London,2006;Aleksei Ermolov,The Czar’s General:The Memoirs of a Russian General in the Napoleonic Wars,ed. and trans. Alexander Mikaberidze,London,2006;Boris Uxkull,Arms and the Woman,trans. Joel Carmichael,London,1966。
一些由并非俄国人的参与者撰写的回忆录和报道也有英文版本,他们对俄国所做战争努力的真知灼见也很有价值。这些著作包括:C.F.Adams(ed.),John Quincy Adams in Russia,New York,1970;A.Brett-James(ed.),General Wilson’s Journal 1812-1814,London,1964;Lord Burghersh,The Operations of the Allied Armies in 1813 and 1814,London,1822;the Hon.George Cathcart,Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany in 1812 and 1813,London,1850;A de Caulaincourt,At Napoleon’s Side in Russia,New York,2003;Carl von Clausewitz,The Campaign of 1812 in Russia,London,1992;the Marquess of Londonderry,Narrative of the War in Germany and France in 1813 and 1814,London,1830;Baron Karl von Müffling,The Memoirs of Baron von Müffling:A Prussian Officer in the Napoleonic Wars,ed. Peter Hofschroer,London,1997;Baron von Odeleben,A Circumstantial Narrative of the Campaign in Saxony in the Year 1813,2 vols.,London,1820;Count P.de Ségur,History of the Expedition to Russia,1812,2 vols.,Stroud,2005。
关于拿破仑战争的英文二手著作总体而言相当丰富。David Chandler,The Campaigns of Napoleon,London,1993是军事行动方面的权威著作,外交方面则应当阅读Paul W.Schroeder,The Transformation of European Politics,1763-1848(Oxford,1994)。Charles Esdaile,Napoleon’s Wars:An International History 1803-15(London,2007)是关于这一时期欧洲国际关系的良好近作。关于1812年战局,一部优秀的近作是Adam Zamoyski,1812:Napoleon’s Fatal March on Moscow(London,2004)。保罗·奥斯汀(Paul Austen)的1812:Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia(London,2000)是基于法军及其同盟军人员的回忆录写成的,可读性极高,十分感人。英文著作对1813年战局的涵盖就要少一些,这可能是因为德意志民族主义——这一年的传统主题——自1914年后就很少能在英语圈子里激发多少热情。Jonathan Riley,Napoleon and the World War of 1813:Lessons in Coalition Warfighting(London,2000)是能够引人入胜的著作。M.Leggiere,Napoleon and Berlin(Stroud,2002).乔治·纳夫齐格(George Nafziger)关于1813年的三卷本著作Napoleon at Lutzen and Bautzen;Napoleon at Dresden;Napoleon at Leipzig(Chicago,1992,1994,1996)以及Digby Smith,1813-Leipzig.Napoleon and the Battle of the Nations(London,2001)也是有用的。至于1814年战局,对英语读者而言,起始点应当是James Lawford,Napoleon:The Last Campaigns. 1813-15(London,1976),它出色的地图也是一个重要原因。完整得多的一部近作是M.V.Leggiere,The Fall of Napoleon:The Allied Invasion of France 1813-1814,它的第一卷已经在2008年由剑桥(Cambridge)出版。
