后记 观后

1.Mikhail Gorbachev，Memoirs（New Yokr：Doubleday，1995），pp.692-93；以及Mikhail Gorbachev and Zdeněk ，Conversations with Gorbachev on Perestroika，The Prague Spring，and the Crossroads of Socialism，translated by George Schriver（New York：Columbia University Press，2002），pp.172-74.

2.参见Louise Levanthes，When China Ruled the Seas：The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne，1405-1433（New York：Simon and Schuster，1994）.

3.Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States：Richard Nixon，1969（Washington：Government Printing Office，1971），p.542.

4.“The Eighteenth Brumaire of Luis Bonaparte，”in Robert C.Tucker，ed.，The Marx-Engels Reader，second edition（New York：Norton，1978），p.595.

5.John Mueller，Retreat from Doomsday：The Obsolescence of Major War（New York：Basic Books，1989），该书给出了最具说服力的论证。

6.Kai Bird and Martin J.Sherwin，American Prometheus：The Triumph and Tragedy of J.Robert Oppenheimer（New York：Knopf，2005），p.348.

7.关于这一点，参见以下文章John Lewis Gaddis，Philip H.Gordon，Ernest R.May，and Jonathan Rosenberg，eds.Cold War Statesmen Confront the Bomb：Nuclear Diplomacy since 1945（New York：Oxford University Press，1999）.

8.Paul Kennedy，The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers：Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000（New York：Random House，1987）.

9.参见Thomas Cahill，How the Irish Saved Civilization（New York：Anchor，1996）.

10.Democracy’s Century：A Survey of Global Political Change in the 20th Century（New York：Freedom House，1999），available at：http：//www.freedomhouse.org/reports/century.html.

11.Seth Mydans，“At Cremation of Pol Pot，No Tears Shed，”New York Times，April 19，1998.此外参见Jean-Louis Margolin，“Cambodia：The Country of Disconcerting Crimes，”in Stéphane Courtois，et al.，The Black Book of Communism：Crimes，Terror，Repression，translated by Jonathan Murphy and Mark Kramer（Cambridge，Massachusets：Harvard University Press，1999），pp.577-635；and Samantha Power，“A Problem from Hell”：America in the Age of Genocide（New York：Basic Books，2002），pp.87-154.