第四章 自主的兴起
1.Jonathan Schell,The Unconquerable World:Power,Nonviolence,and the Will of the People(New York:Metropolitan Books,2003),p.347.我稍微修改了一下这个引言,使它更适用于冷战帝国以及谢尔所关注的殖民帝国。
2.这段的引文以及上段对罢免赫鲁晓夫的描述引自William Taubman,Khrushchev:The Man and His Era(New York:Norton,2003),pp.13,15;以及Sergei Khrushchev,Khrushchev on Khrushchev:An Inside Account of the Man and His Era,edited and translated by William Taubman(Boston:Little,Brown,1990),pp.157-58.
3.关于这一部分内容的两本很好的著作:Jared Diamond,Guns,Germs,and Steel:The Fates of Human Societies(New York:Norton,1997),以及J.R.McNeill and William H.McNeill,The Human Web:A Bird’s-Eye View of World History(New York:Norton,2003).
4.我主要摘引自Erez Manela,“The Wilsonian Movement:Self Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism,1917-1920,”Ph.D Dissertation,Yale University History Department,2003.
5.我主要摘引自Erez Manela,“The Wilsonian Movement:Self Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism,1917-1920,”Ph.D Dissertation,Yale University History Department,2003,p.15.
6.Taubman,Khrushchev,p.354.
7.Eisenhower press conference,April 7,1954,Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States:Dwight D.Eisenhower,1954(Washington:Government Printing Office,1960),p.383.
8.参见:Vojtech Mastny,The Cold War and Soviet Insecurity:The Stalin Years(New York:Oxford University Press,1996),pp.71-74,102;以及Simon Sebag Montefiore,Stalin:The Court of the Red Tsar(New York:Knopf,2004),pp.631,635.
9.Taubman,Khrushchev,pp.298-99.
10.关于这部分内容的一些最好的阐述,参见Robert J.McMahon,The Cold War on the Periphery:The United States,India,and Pakistan(New York:Columbia University Press,1994);and Andrew J.Rotter,Comrades at Odds:The United States and India,1947-1964(Ithaca:Cornell University Press,2000).
11.Mohamed Heikal,The Sphinx and the Commissar:The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Middle East(New York:Harper & Row,1978),p.58.此外参见:Qiang Zhai,China and the Vietnam Wars,1950-1975(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2000),pp.65-69.
12.Douglas Little,American Orientalism:The United States in the Middle East since 1945(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2002),p.168.
13.Douglas Little,American Orientalism:The United States in the Middle East since 1945(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2002),pp.170-72.
14.Keith Kyle,Suez(New York:St.Martin’s,1991),p.314.
15.Little,American Orientalism,p.179.
16.参见Diane B.Kunz,The Economic Diplomacy of the Suez Crisis,(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,1991).
17.Salim Yaqub,Containing Arab Nationalism:The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2004),p.178.
18.国家安全委员会会议记录,1958年7月31日,FRUS:1958-60,XII,132.此外参见:John Lewis Gaddis,We Now Know:Rethinking Cold War History(New York:Oxford University Press,1997),p.175.
19.Fredrik Logevall,Choosing War:The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of the War in Vietnam(Berkeley:University of California Press,1999),pp.6-8.
20.William Stueck,The Korean War:An International History(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1995),pp.330-42.
21.国家安全委员会会议记录,1953年7月2日,FRUS:1952-54,XV,1307.斜体的强调格式为档案原文所做。
22.Kathryn Weathersby,“New Evidence on North Korea:Introduction,”CWIHP Bulletin,#14/15(Winter,2003-Spring,2004),p.5.此外参见:Bernd Schfer,“Weathering the Sino-Soviet Conflict:The GDR and North Korea,1949-1989,”ibid.,pp.25-85;and Balázs Szalontai,“You Have No Political Line of Your Own’s:Kim Il Sung and the Soviets,1953-1964,”ibid.,pp.87-103.
23.毛泽东对全国人民代表大会的讲话,1958年9月5日、8日,CWIHP Bulletin,#6/7(Winter,1995-96),pp.216-19.此外参见:Chen Jian,Mao’s China and the Cold War(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2001),pp.185-87.
24.毛泽东对全国人民代表大会的讲话,1958年9月5日、8日,CWIHP Bulletin,#6/7(Winter,1995-96),pp.216-19.此外参见:Chen Jian,Mao’s China and the Cold War(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2001),pp.174-76.
25.杜勒斯同中国国民党外交部长叶公超的谈话,1955年1月19日,FRUS:1955-57,II,47.
26.Li Zhisui,The Private Life of Chairman Mao:The Memoirs of Mao’s Personal Physician,translated by Tai Huang-chao(New York:Random House,1994),p.270.
27.Gaddis,We Now Know,p.252.
28.Lawrence Freedman,Kennedy’s Wars:Berlin,Cuba,Laos,and Vietnam(New York:Oxford University Press,2000),p.308.
29.Larry Berman,Planning a Tragedy:The Americanization of the War in Vietnam(New York:Norton,1982)该书提供了简洁的叙述。
30.1965年7月28日记者招待会,Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States:Lyndon B.Johnson,1965(Washington:Government Printing Office,1966),p.794.
31.伯德·约翰逊夫人录音日记,1965年7月22日、25日,转引自Michael R.Beschloss,ed.,Reaching for Glory:Lyndon Johnson’s Secret White House Tapes,1964-1965(New York:Simon and Schuster,2001),pp.403,407.
32.Ilya V.Gaiduk,The Soviet Union and the Vietnam War(Chicago:Ivan R.Dee,1996),pp.55-56.另外参见:Logevall,Choosing War,pp.322-23;以及Zhai,Chian and the Vietnam Wars,especially pp.148-51.
33.Anatoly Dobrynin,In Confidence:Moscow’s Ambassador to America’s Six Cold War Presidents(1962-1986)(New York:Random House,1995),p.136.
34.这一段以及其他一些篇章,引自We Now Know,pp.149-51.
35.Marc Trachtenberg,A Constructed Peace:The Making of a European Settlement,1945-1963(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1999),p.132.括号内容为译者所加。
36.Marc Trachtenberg,A Constructed Peace:The Making of a European Settlement,1945-1963(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1999),p.275.
37.Hope H.Harrison,Driving the Soviets Up the Wall:Soviet-East German Relations,1953-1961(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),p.74.
38.Hope H.Harrison,Driving the Soviets Up the Wall:Soviet-East German Relations,1953-1961(Princeton:Princeton University Press,2003),p.104.
39.对这一点,参见Gaddis,We Now Know,pp.252-53.
40.Harrison,Driving the Soviets Up the Wall,p.155.
41.Gaddis,We Now Know,pp.146-47.
42.关于最后一点,参见Trachtenberg,A Constructed Peace,pp.208-9.
43.Taubman,Khrushchev,pp.336-37;以及Chen,Mao’s Chian and the Cold War,pp.61-63;John Wilson Lewis and Xue Litai,China Builds the Bomb(Stanford:Stanford University Press,1988),pp.35-45.
44.Matthew Connelly,A Diplomatic Revolution:Algeria’s Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era(New York:Oxford University Press,2002),p.169.
45.Trachtenberg,A Constructed Peace,p.224.
46.关于戴高乐的核战略,参见:Philip H.Gordon,A Certain Idea of France:French Security Policy and the Gaullist Legacy(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1993),pp.57-64.
47.Dean Rusk,as told to Richard Rusk,As I Saw It(New York:Norton,1990),p.271.
48.Logevall,Choosing War,p.84.
49.约翰逊与拉塞尔在电话中的交谈,1964年1月15日,参见Michael R.Beschloss,ed.,Taking Charge:The Johnson White House Tapes,1963-1964(New York:Simon and Schuster,1997),p.162.
50.Taubman,Khrushchev,p.337.
51.关于这一点,参见Thomas J.Christensen,Useful Adversaries:Grand Strategy,Domestic Mobilization,and Sino-American Conflict,1947-1958(Princeton:Princeton University Press,1996),特别是第244页。
52.Minutes,Mao-Yudin conversation,July 22,1958,CWIHP Bulletin,#6/7,p.155.此外参见Chen,Mao’s China and the Cold War,pp.73-75.
53.Nikita S.Khrushchev,Khrushchev Remembers,translated and edited by Strobe Talbott(New York:Bantam,1971),p.519.
54.Chen,Mao’s China and the Cold War,pp.73,82-83.
55.翔实的记录,参见Lorenz Lüthi,“The Sino-Soviet Split,1956-1966,”博士论文,耶鲁大学历史系,2003年。
56.Khrushchev,Khrushchev Remembers,p.270.
57.这种比喻原本出现在乔治·凯南(George F.Kennan)写的一个语境非常不同的文本中,参见John Lewis Gaddis,Strategies of Containment:A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy During the Cold War(New York:Oxford University Press,2005),pp73-74.
58.Li,The Private Life of Chairman Mao,pp.488-93.
59.Jeremi Suri,Power and Protest:Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente(Cambridge,Massachusetts:Harvard University Press,2003),p.I.随后几章的论述在很大程度上依赖这本开拓性的著作。
60.两条引语参见Matthew J.Ouimet,The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2003),pp.19-20.
61.Suri,Power and Protest,pp.172-81.
62.Allen J.Matusow,The Unraveling of America:A History of Liberalism in the 1960s(New York:Harper&Row,1984),p.405.关于芝加哥大会,参见411-422页。
63.Henry Kissinger,White House Years(Boston:Little,Brown,1979),p.56.
64.1970年4月30日尼克松的全国演说,Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States:Richard M.Nixon,1970(Washington:Government Printing Office,1971),p.143.
65.Stephen Ambrose,Nixon:The Triumph of a Politician,1962-1972(New York:Simon and Schuster,1989),pp.354-56.
66.David Reynolds,One World Divisible:A Global History Since 1945(New York:Norton,2000),pp.137-44.
67.数字来源于Suri,Power and Protest,p.269.
68.Li,The Private Life of Chairman Mao,p.463.
69.Jean-Louis Margolin,“China:A Long March into Night,”in Courtois,et al.,The Black Book of Communism,p.513.
70.两条引语引自Suri,Power and Protest,pp.209-10,第二条引言加了着重号。
71.Piero Gleijeses,Conflicting Missions:Havana,Washington,and Africa,1959-1976(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2002),pp.101-59,记录了格瓦拉在非洲的失败。他的全部记录和他牺牲后的声誉,都在Alvaro Vargas Llosa的文章中有简要评述,“The Killing Machine:Che Guevara,From Communist Firebrand to Capitalist Brand,”The New Republic,233(July 11 and 18,2005),25-30.
72.Kissinger,White House Years,pp.182-83.
73.Ouimet,The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine,p.67.
74.Kissinger,White House Years,p.443.此外参见Zhai,China and the Vietnam Wars,pp.173-74.
75.Kissinger,White House Years,p.443.此外参见Zhai,China and the Vietnam Wars,p.205.
76.Kissinger,White House Years,pp750-51;Suri,Power and Protest,p.240.
77.Transcript,Nixon-Mao conversation,Beijing,February 21,1972,in William Burr,ed.,The Kissinger Transcripts:The Top Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow(New York:New Press,1998),pp.59-65.
78.Ouimet,The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine,pp.16-17,21,43-55,58;Suri,Power and Protest,pp.202-6.
79.Suri,Power and Protest,pp.202-24.此外参见Timothy Garton Ash,In Europe’s Name:Germany and the Divided Continent(New York:Random House,1991);and M.E.Sarotte,Dealing with the Devil:East Germany,Détente,and Ostpolitik,1969-1873(Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press,2001).
80.引自Richard Nixon,RN:The Memoirs of Richard Nixon(New York:Grosset and Dunlap,1978),p.715.此外参见Kissinger,White House Years,p.298.
