索引

(索引页码为本书边码)

Able Archer crisis,227-28

Acheson,Dean,33,37,38,42

Adams,John Quincy,15-16

Adenauer,Konrad,105,135—36,138,140

Afghanistan,203,224,235,257,261

Marxist coup in,208-10

Soviet invasion of,203,210-11,212,214,216

索引 - 图1,Mehmet Ali,218-19

Algeria,139

Allen,Woody,230

Allende,Salvador,173-74,178

America House,Berlin,144

American Revolution,7

Amin,Hafizullah,210-11

Andropov,Yuri,221,224,230,248,264

concerns over dissent in Soviet bloc,186,190,219

and election of Pope John Paul II’ 192

and Reagan,227,231

U.S. attack on Soviet Union predicted by,227—28,231 Angola,179,206-8

Anti-Ballistic Treaty of 1972,81,226

Arab-Israeli wars,261

of 1967,204

of 1973,204-6,212

Suez crisis and,70,127-28

Arbatov,Georgi,202,207,213-14

Arbenz Guzman,Jacobo,164,166

Armenia,253,256

Aswan High Dam,127

Atlantic Charter,20

atomic bomb,24-26,40,47,61

Soviet acquisition of,35-36,57,105

see also nuclear weapons

Attlee,Clement,10,28

Austria,241,243

Azerbaijan,253

baby boom,146—47

Baker,James,251

Baltic States,11,19,21,253,256

Bandung conference of 1955,126-27

Baruch,Bernard,54

Baruch Plan,54,56

“Basic Principles” statement of 1972,203-4

Bay of Pigs invasion,74,76,166,168,171,177

Begin,Menachem,204

Beria,Lavrentii,104-7

Berlin,see East Berlin;West Berlin

Berlin blockade of 1948,33—34,56,71

Berlin crisis of 1958-61,112-14

Berlin Wall,74,120,198,248,250

building of,114—15

fall of,245-46

Bierut,Boleslaw,108

Bismarck,Otto von,86,155,196

Blair,Eric,see Orwell,George

Bohlen,Charles E.,83,98,117

Bolivia,148

Bolshevik Revolution of 1917,8,18,38’ 87,121,237-38,257

Brandt,Willy,154,187,213

at Erfurt meeting,213

BRAVO nuclear test,64-65,66

Brezhnev,Leonid,120,134,181,183-84,200,201-2,204,214,230,242,248,264

Afghanistan invasion and,210-11

Czechoslovakia invasion and,144,150,152-53

death of,224

Helsinki Accords and,186-88,189,190,192,193

Brezhnev Doctrine,150,153,185,188,212,213,221,234,247

Britain,Battle of,17

Brodie,Bernard,51

Bulgaria,20,99,219,246

Bush,George H. W.,229,233-34,239-40,251,254,257

“chicken Kiev” speech of,255-56

Cold War seen as permanent by,222

at Malta summit,248-249,259 review of U.S.-Soviet relations ordered by,239

Byelorussia,253’ 256

Cambodia,145-46’ 173,266

Canada,188

capitalism,91—92,94,95,98,197,217,

261,264

in Lenin’s theory,87-89

in Marx’s theory,85-86

and occupation of Germany and Japan,101-3

postwar success of,115-17

World War I and,86-89

Carter,Jimmy,189,210,211-12,218,219,225,234

Middle East peace mediated by,204

Moscow Olympic boycott ordered by,211

SALT II and,201—3,211

Castlereagh,Robert Stewart Viscount,155,183

Castro,Fidel,74,76-78,114,144,148,166,168,207 Ceausescu,Elena,247

Ceausescu,Nicolai,247,257,259

Central Intelligence Agency

(C.I.A.),72,112,128,148,169,172,174

Chile coup of 1973 and,173-74,

congressional investigation of,177-79

covert operations of,163-67

domestic surveillance program of 177-78

Doolittle Report and,166-67

Italy’s 1948 election and,162

N.S.C. and expanded role of,162-63

Central Treaty Organization (CENTO),125

Charter 77,191

Chernenko,Konstantin,228-30,248,264

Chernobyl nuclear disaster,231

Chernyaev,Anatoly,229,230-31,234,247,254-56

Chiang Kai-shek,37,38,126,129,131,132,159

Chile,160

1973 coup in,173-74,177~78

China,People’s Republic of,36-38,40,123,125,126,153,163,179,180,217,234,263-65

Cultural Revolution in,147-48,151,215

Egypt’s recognition of,127

Great Leap Forward in,111-12,141,142,161

Korean War and,42,45-46,60,105,109—10

Mao’s cult of personality in,110-11

market economy of,214-16

offshore islands crisis and,131-32,136-37,141

Soviet Unions relations with,see Sino-Soviet relations Tiananmen Square massacre in,242—43

U.S. relations with,see Sino-American relations

Vietnam War and,150-51

China,Republic of,17,37,159

China Lobby,37-38

Christian Democratic Party,German,135

Christian Democratic Party,Italian,162

Churchill,Winston,5-6,10,14,17-20,24,26-27,54,65,66,80,81,146,216

“Iron Curtain” speech of,94-95,223

Stalin’s 1944 deal with,20

C.I.A.,see Central Intelligence Agency

Civil War,U.S.,53

Clausewitz,Carl von,51,52,55,63,67,68

Clinton,Bill,251

Colby,William,177

colonialism,89,121-24

demise of,121

rise of nationalism and,123-24

superpowers and,122—23

Columbus,Christopher,260

Cominform,32,33

Comintern,32

Commonwealth of Independent States,256-57

communism,94,95,98,101,107,217

failure of,263—64

as historically determined,84-85,87

in Marxist theory,86

see also Marxism-Leninism

Communist Manifesto (Marx),8

Communist Party,Bulgarian,246

Communist Party,Chinese,111,214-15,243

Communist Party,Polish,108,192

Communist Party,Soviet,107,186,207,229,242,253,254

abolition of,256

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe,187-88

see also Helsinki Accords

Congress,U.S.,34,166,167-68,169,172,200

“China Lobby” in,37

C.I.A. investigated by,177-79

Jackson-Vanik amendment passed by,182-83,184,200-201

War Powers Act passed by,176-77

see also House of Representatives,U.S.;Senate U.S.

Congress of People’s Deputies,Soviet,242,256

Constitution,U.S.,171

containment policy,U.S.,28-29,32,46,154,212

Cuba,74,114,160,166,179,203,207

Cuban missile crisis,75-78,80,82,134,203,228

Cultural Revolution,147-48,151,215

Czechoslovakia,21,99,100,127,160,191,211,221,243,244

communist coup in,32-34

1989 revolution in,246

Soviet invasion of,144,150,152-53,162,180-81,185

D-Day,14,19

Declaration of Independence,15 Defense Department,U.S.,54,172,201,225

de Gaulle,Charles,138-40,142,143 democracy,87,91,92,94,95,98,199,217

globalization of,264-65

Marshall Plan and,100,102-4

Democratic National Committee,156-57,175

Democratic Party,U.S.,145,189,202

Deng Xiaoping,195,197,222,234,240,245,257,259

achievement of,214-15

Tiananmen Square massacre and,242-43

Depression,Great,12,90,116

détente,153,180-84,210,211

Arab-Israeli war of 1973 and,204-6

decline of,213-14

Helsinki Accords and,187-88,189

Kissinger on,183-84

morality and,180-82

as Reagan’s target,217-18,225

shortcomings of,197-99

Soviet Union as affected by,184-87

Soviet Union’s third-world involvement and,206-8

Thatcher on,216

dictatorship of the proletariat,88,98,100

Disraeli,Benjamin,83,85-88,98,117

Dobrynin,Anatoly,134,156,183,190,194,202,206-8,211,227

domino theory,123-24

Doolittle Report,165-66

Dubcek,Alexander,246

Dulles,John Foster,63,67,107-8,127,131,180 Dutschke,Rudi,144

East Berlin,113-15,167,246

East Germany,see Germany,Democratic Republic of Eden,Anthony,127

Egypt,70,126-27’ 204-6

Eisenhower,Dwight D” 63,65,69,71,72-74,79-81’ 136,139,166,170,171,172

domino theory of,123-24

Khrushchev’s meetings with,72.74

nuclear weapons policy of,66-68

Suez crisis and,70,127-28

U-2 incident and,73-74,167-68

Eisenhower administration,74,76,114,163,164

Eisenhower Doctrine,128

elections,U.S.:

of 1964,133,168-69

of 1968,145,170

of 1972,155

of 1976,189,201

of 1980,218

Ellsberg,Daniel,174

Engels,Friedrich,86,87,107

Estonia,253,254

Ethiopia,89,206,207-8

European Economic Community,140

European Recovery Plan,see Marshall Plan

Export-Import Bank,182

Farouk I,king of Egypt,126

Federal Bureau of Investigation (F.B.I.),173,174

Finland,11,19,21

flexible responsive strategy,67

NSC-68 and,164-65

Ford,Gerald,177,179,188,189,201

Forrestal,James,35

Foster,Jodie,222

Fourteen Points,87,121

France,14,16,17,42,49,52,71,104,122,123,132,159,200

de Gaulle’s policies and,138-40

occupation of Germany and,22,24

Suez crisis and,70,77,127-28

Free University,144

French Revolution,237-38,266

Fuchs’ Klaus,39-40

Gandhi,Mohandas K.,121

Garton Ash,Timothy,186,237

Geneva Conference on Indochina,1954,131,132

Geneva summit of 1955,72—73

Geneva summit of 1985,229-30

Georgia,253

Gerasimov,Gennadi,247

Germany,Democratic Republic of (East Germany),71,74,99,105-6,108,135,144,153,160,213,221,241,259

Germany,Democratic Republic of (cont.) emigration issue and,113-15,136-37

reunification issue and,248—52

revolution of 1989 and,243-46

Germany,Federal Republic of(West Germany),34,136,138,140,148,213,244,246

Berlin crisis and,112-14

NATO and,134-35

Ostpolitik strategy of,153-54

reunification issue and,248-52

Germany,Imperial,16,52,86,87,89

Germany,Nazi,5,7,8,10,12,17,18,19,21,25,46,89,90,92,99,263,265

occupation of,101-2

Gierek,Edward,193

glasnost (publicity),231,253

Goldwater,Barry,133,169

Gomulka,Wladyslaw,100,108

Gorbachev,Mikhail,95,197,216,252,255

assessment of,257

Bush administrations distrust of,239-40

Chernobyl disaster and,231

domestic contempt for,252-53

German reunification issue and,248-51

at Malta summit,248-49,259

Reagan and,230—36

revolution of 1989 and,239,241-45,247-48

at Reykjavik summit,231-32

Yeltsin’d replacement of,256-57

Gorbachev,Raisa,229

Gorbachev Foundation,259-60

Great Britain,8,9,12,14,15-18,20,25,30,31,46,49,52,71,76,85,86,89-90,94,123,

125,139,140,159’ 197,200,228

Egypt’s non-alignment strategy and,126-27

Fuchs spy case in,39-40

occupation of Germany and,22,24

Suez crisis and,70,77,127-28

Thatcher government in,197,216

World War II objectives of,17-18

Great Depression,12,90’ 116

Great Leap Forward,111—12,141,142,161

Great Society,169-70

ZGreece,20,31,95

Gribkov,Anatoly,221

Gromyko,Andrei,188,211,212,228

Guatemala,160,166,178

Guevara,Che,148,166

Havel,Václav,191-92,246,257,263

Helsinki Accords of 1975,186-91,214,265

Soviet Union as affected by,190-91

Hinckley,John W.,222

Hiss,Alger,39-40

Hitler,Adolf,5,7,9-10,14,19,89,90,92,250,254 Hobsbawm,Eric,116-17 Ho Chi Minh,42,121—22,129,132

Honecker,Erich,243-45,259

Hongxi,emperor of China,260

Hopkins,Harry,6

House of Commons’ British,65

House of Representatives,U.S.,175,177,178

Hull,Cordell,93

human rights,182,201

Helsinki Accords and,187—91

U.N. and,158,160-61

Humphrey,Hubert,70,145

Hungary,20,70,99,127,136,144,153,160,167,259,262

1956 uprising in,108-9,124-25,180,221,240-41

1989 thaw in,240-41,243,247-48

Hussein,Saddam,262

hydrogen bomb,36,39,47

BRAVO test of,64-65,66

development of,61-62

Eisenhower’s policy on,63-64,66—68

flexible response strategy and,66-67

rational use of,62-63

see also nuclear weapons

imperialism,123

India,121

non-alignment strategy of,125-26,128

India-Pakistan wars,261

Indochina,42,121-22,131,132

industrial revolution,85

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty of 1987,235 International Monetary Fund,93-94

Iran,11,28,160,164,166-67,

1979 hostage crisis in,212

Iran-Iraq war,261

Iraq,128

Kuwait invaded by,262

Israel,204-6,261

see also Arab-Israeli wars

Italy,19-20,28,76,89,92,219

C.I.A. and 1948 election of,162

Jackson,Henry M.,182-83,200-201

Jackson-Vanik amendment,182-83,200-201

Japan,7,8,17,37,46,58,89,92,95,121,263

atomic bombing of,25-26,48-49,50,54

and Korea,40—41

occupation of,101—2

Jaruzelski,Wojciech,221-22,241,242,250

Jews,52

Soviet,182-83

John Paul II,pope,192-96,214,217,220,222-23,230,240,257,263-64

attempted assassination of,218-19

Johnson,Lady Bird,133,169

Johnson,Lyndon B.,133,140,145,154,174

Great Society programs of,169-70

Vietnam War and,168-70,173

Johnson administration,170-71,172,177,181

Joint Chiefs of Staff,U.S.,46,54,67,160

Justice Department,U.S.,173

Kádár,János,114-15,240

Kant,Immanuel,158,182

Katyn Wood massacre,21

Kazakhstan,253,256

Kennan,George F,32,46-47,61,101,171

Kennan,George F. (cont.)

“long telegram” of,29-31

on role of C.I.A.,161-64

on U.N.,160

Kennedy,John F.,79,84,115,132,137,166,168,170,171,172,203

Cuban missile crisis and,76-78

U.S.-Soviet relations and,74-75

Kennedy,Robert F.,145

Kent State incident,146

K.G.B.,186,192,227,228

Khmer Rouge,266

Khomeini,Ayatollah Ruhollah,167,208

Khrushchev,Nikita,65,72-75,80,117,119,122,130,132,134,185,203,248

background and personality of,68-69

Berlin Wall and,113-14,120

Cuban missile crisis and,76-78

East German alliance and,136~38

Eisenhower’s meetings with,72,74

Hungarian uprising and,108-9,124-25,240

nuclear weapons policy of,69-70

ouster of,119—20

rise of,106—7

Sino-Soviet relations and,140-42

Stalin denounced by,107-8,111,167

Suez crisis and,70

Tito visited by,124-25

U.S. visited by,71-72

U-2 incident and,73-74,168

“We will bury you” remark of,84

Khrushchev,Sergei,69,71

Kim Il-sung,41-42,45,109-10,122

King,Martin Luther,Jr.,145 Kirghizia,253

Kissinger,Henry,67,145,150,151,154,155,172,173,174,176-88,187’ 188,189,198,201,212

on détente,183—84

and Israeli-Egyptian peace deal,204—6

morality in policy of,181—83

Kohl,Helmut,250,251-52

Korea,Democratic Republic of (North Korea),40-43,60,105,129,130-31,159

Korea,Republic of (South Korea),40—43,122,123,129-30,159,265

Korean War,40-46,48-50,63,122,123.130-31,169,261

armistice negotiations in,59-60

casualties in,50

Chinese intervention in,45-46,60,105,109-10

Inchon landings in,42-43

non-use of nuclear weapons in,58—59,63

prelude to,40—42

proposed use of atomic weapons in,48-50

Soviet Union and,42-45,49,54,60.130-31

U.N. and,41,43,49,159

Kosygin,Alexei,134,208-10

Krenz,Egon,245-46,250

Kryuchkov,Vladimir,250

kulaks,99

Kurile Islands,24

Kuwait,262

Labour Party,British,10

Laos’ 173

Latvia,253,254

League of Nations,16,27,89,158

Lebanon,128,131

Le Due Tho,151

Lend-Lease,6

Lenin,V. I.,8,12,31,76,77,94,98,99,103-4,116,117,121,185,229,238,253,261,264

capitalism in theory of,87-89

New Economic Policy of,110

World War II and vision of,89-90

Life of Pi (Martel),82

Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963,81

Lincoln,Abraham,53,157

Lithuania,253,254

Locksley Hall (Tennyson),159

“long telegram” (Kennan),29-31

MacArthur,Douglas,41,43,45-46,48,60

McCarthy,Joseph,40

McCarthyism,46

McGovern,George,155

Machiavelli,Niccolò,156,252,257

Macmillan,Harold,84

McNamara,Robert S.,79—80,174

MAD,see Mutual Assured Destruction

Malenkov,Georgii,64-65,66,69,105,107,113,125

Malta summit of 1989,248-49,250,259

Manchuria,24,40,89

Manhattan Project,25,39,52,56,61

Mao Zedong,36-39,40,42,45,60,71,109,117,121,138,144,161,180,197,214,215,245,264

cult of personality and,110-11

Cultural Revolution and,147-48

Great Leap Forward of,111-12,141,142,161

Korean War and,109-10

offshore islands crisis and,131-32,136-37

Sino-American relations and,149-52

Sino-Soviet relations and,140-42,143

Soviet Union visited by,39

Stalin as model for,109-10,111

Marshall,George C.,30-31,98,101

Marshall Plan,30-32,34,36,112

democracy and,100,102-4

premises and goals of,32,35,95-98,162

Martel,Yann,82

Marx,Karl,8,22,75-76,87,89,92-93,98,101,104,107,117,123,224,238,261,264

capitalism in theory of,85—86

Marxism-Leninism,85,93,99,104,109,130,212,215,263,265

double life required by,185-86,192,196

failure of,106,153,185-86,229,238

Maoist version of,111-12

Marxist coup in Afghanistan and,210

postwar reconstruction and,90-91

Masaryk,Jan,33

Masaryk,Thomas,33

Masur,Kurt,245

Mazowiecki,Tadeusz,242

Metternich,Klemens von,155,183,196

Mexico,99

Mielke,Erich,243-44

Mikoyan,Anastas,76,114

“missile gap,” 74,76

Mitchell,John,175

Mitterrand,Francois,250

Modrow,Hans,250

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi,167,208,212

Moldavia,253

Molotov,Vyacheslav,21,28,30,31,42,105,107,114,187

Mondale,Walter,228

moon landings,260

Moscow Olympics,see Olympic Games of 1980

Moscow summit of 1972,182,200

“Basic Principles” statement in,203-4

Moscow summit of 1989,255

Mossadegh,Mohammed,164

Mussolini,Benito,89

Mutual Assured Destruction(MAD),80-81,180,198,200,225,226

Nagy,Imre,109,241

Napoleon I,emperor of France,84,183

Nasser,Gamal Abdel,70,204

non-alignment strategy of,126-28

National Association of Evangelicals,224

National Front for the Liberation of Angola,179

nationalism,125,128,234

colonialism and rise of,123-24

National Security Council,42 C.LA.’s role expanded by,162-63

National Student Association,177

National War College,46

NATO,see North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939,11,19,21,90,254

Nehru,Jawaharlal,125-26,128

Németh,Miklós,240-41

Netherlands,123

New Deal,91,169

New Economic Policy,110

New York Times,3,157,173,174,255-56

Ngo Dinh Diem,129,132-33 Nicaragua,212

Nicholas II,tsar of Russia,87

Niebuhr,Reinhold,91

1984 (Orwell),1-2,47,263

Nitze,Paul,164-65

Nixon,Richard M” 145-46,154,155,166-67,171-78,181-84,186,200,204,206,260

China opening and,149-52,215

credibility gap of,172-74

Plumbers unit of,174-75

resignation of,157,175-76

on secrecy,172-73

taping system of,173,175-76

Vietnam War and,150-51

Watergate affair and,155-58,175,176

Nixon administration,158,177,183,200

Nobel Peace Prize,204,257

“no cities” doctrine,79-80

non-alignment strategy,124-28

non-intervention,principle of,160-61

North Atlantic Treaty of 1949,143

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),34,35,39,49,59,69,104,105,109,124,127,153,187,200,202,203,210,211

and Able Archer crisis,227-28

France and,139-40

German reunification issue and,250-51

West Germany question and,134-35

North Korea,see Korea,Democratic Republic of North Vietnam,see Vietnam,Democratic Republic of Novikov,Nikolai,30-31

NSC-68,164—65,170-71

nuclear freeze movement,225-26

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968,81

nuclear weapons,196,199-203,238

Baruch Plan and,54,56

Eisenhower’s policy on,66-68

France’s testing of,139-40

Jackson resolution on,200-201

Khrushchev’s policy on,69-70

in Korean War,48-50,58-59,63

MAD strategy and,80-81

nature of warfare and,50-52,58,262-63

“no cities” doctrine of,79-80 proposed abolition of,230-31

in SALT agreements,172,199—202,210-12

SS-20 missile crisis and,202-3

Stalin’s policy on,56-58

Truman’s policy on,54-56

U.S. monopoly of,34-36,54,56-58

see also atomic bomb;hydrogen bomb

Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy (Kissinger),67

oil embargo,212

Okinawa,41,58

Olympic Games of 1980210,211

“open skies,” 72-73,81

Oppenheimer,J. Robert,61,262

Orwell,George,1-3,47,101,228,263

Ostpolitik,153-54,187,213

Pahlavi,Mohammad Reza Shah,167,208,212

Paine,Thomas,15,122

Pakistan,125

Paul VI,pope,192

“peaceful coexistence,”70

Pearl Harbor attack,7,8,17,92

Peloponnesian War,51

Pentagon Papers,157,174-75

People’s Daily,148

perestroika (restructuring),231,253,254

Perestroika (Gorbachev),233,235

Pershing II missiles,202-3,211,225,232

Pervukhin,Mikhail,113

Philby,Kim,72

Philippines,41,122,164

Pinochet,Augusto,178

“Plastic People of the Universe,”191

Plumbers,175,177

Poland,11,19,21-22,90,99,100,127,136,144,153,167,213,223,224,247-48,259

John Paul II and,192-94,195

1989 election in,241-42,244

Poland (cont.)

rise of Solidarity in,219-22

Soviet non-intervention in,219-22,235

Politburo,Soviet,186,188,202,207,210,211,221,229,231,234,235,236,239-40,242

Pol Pot,266

Portugal,121,123

Potsdam Conference of 1945,25

Powers’ Francis Gary,73,167

Prague spring,152,185,188,246

Pravda,105,190

Public Group to Promote Observance of the Helsinki Accords,190—91

Quemoy and Matsu crises,131-32,136-37

Radio Free Europe,167

Rákosi,Mátyás,108

Reagan,Ronald,2-3,189,197,216-18,239,240,248,257

abolition of nuclear weapons proposed by,232-33

attempted assassination of,222

détente as target of,217-18,225

“evil empire” speech of,224—25,227

Gorbachev and,230-36

at Reykjavik summit,231-32

rise of,217

SDI concept and,226-27

Soviet Union visited by,233-34

“tear down this wall” speech of,235

U.S.-Soviet relations and,222-28

Reagan Doctrine,234,236

Red Guards,143,147-48,215

Republican Party,U.S.,189,202

Reykjavik summit of 1986,231-32

Rhee,Syngman,41,121,129-30,132

Rice,Condoleezza,255

Ridgway,Matthew B.,59

Romania,11,19,20,99,153

1989 Revolution in,247

Roosevelt,Franklin D.,5-6,9-10,14,16-22,24,54,55,91,157,234,250

postwar settlement as seen by,26-27

U.S.-Soviet alliance and,93

Rostow,Walt,132-33

Rusk,Dean,140,181

Russell,Richard,140

Russia,Imperial,87,121,238

Russo-Japanese War of 1904-5,24,121

Sadat,Anwar-el,204-6

Safire,William,255-56

Sakhalin Island,24

Sakharov,Andrei,186,190—91,201,263

SALT,see Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

SALT II,200-203,210-11,225

Sandinistas,212

Saudi Arabia,160

Schabowski,Günter,245-46

Schell,Jonathan,119

Schneider,René,174

Schumacher,Kurt,135

Scowcroft’ Brent,239,254

SDI,see Strategic Defense Initiative

SEATO,see Southeast Asian Treaty Organization

Senate,U.S.,175,177,179

SALT II treaty in,202-3,211

Shelest,Petr,144

Shi Zhe,110

Shultz,George,229,233

Siberia,16

Sicily,19

Sieyes,Abbé,266

Singapore,265

Sino-American relations,171

Deng and,215

Mao and,149-52

in Quemoy and Matsu crises,131-32

Taiwan and,130-31

Sino-Soviet relations,138

border warfare and,149

Khrushchev and,140-42

Mao and,140-43

Treaty of 1950 and,39,109,126

U.S.-China detente and,150-52,154

Six Crises (Nixon),152

Six-Day War,204

Sixth Fleet,U.S.,28-29,124

Smith,Adam,89

Solidarity (索引 - 图2),197,218-19,221-22,241,259 Solzhenitsyn,Aleksandr,186,189,190,263

Somalia,206,207-8

Somme,Battle of the,53

Somoza,Anastasio,212

Sonnenfeldt,Helmut,189

South Africa,160

Southeast Asian Treaty

Organization (SEATO),125

South Korea,see Korea,Republic of South Vietnam,see Vietnam,Republic of

Soviet Union,2,6,11,17-22,46,66,67,84,93,102,103,110,120,123,147,148,152-53,159,163,230,236’ 244,251,261,262,264

Able Archer crisis and,227-28

Afghanistan invaded by,203,210-11,212,214,216

atomic bomb acquired by,35-36,57,105

atomic bomb policy of,56-58

and attempted assassination of John Paul II,219

August coup in’ 256

Chernobyl nuclear disaster in,231

China’s relations with,see Sino-Soviet relations

Chinese Revolution and,37-38

collapse of,3,238,242,252-57,263

Cuban Revolution and,75-76

Czechoslovakia invaded by,144,150,152-53,162,180-81,185

détente and,see detente

Eastern European sphere of influence of,20-22

economy of,212-14,216,219-21,224,252

German invasion of,7,90

Helsinki Accords’ effect on,190-91

Hungarian uprising and,108-9

hydrogen bomb and,62

Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization speech and,107-8

Korean War and,42-45,49,54,60,130—31

Mao’s visit to,39

Marxism-Leninism and life in,185-86

and non-intervention in Poland,219-22

Soviet Union (cont.)

non-Russian republics of,253

postwar goals of,10-14

postwar settlement and,9-10

Reagan’s visit to,233-34

SDI reaction of,227-28

Sputnik program of,68

SS-20 deployment decision of,202

Stalin’s dictatorship in,98-101

U.S. contrasted with,7-8

U.S. relations with,see United States-Soviet relations

Watergate reaction of,156-57

in World War II,9

Yeltsin’s emergence in,255-56

Yugoslavia’s rift with,33

Spain,121

Sputnik,68

SS-20 missiles,202,211,214,225,232

Stalin,Josef,5,8-14,18,24,35,54,61,69,77,84,90,102,103,109,112,116,117,122,141’,161,185,194,250,254,264

atomic bomb policy of,25-26,56-58,63

Berlin blockade and,33-34

China policy and,36-37

Churchill’s 1944 deal with,20

Czech coup and,32-33,34

description of,10-11

dictatorship of,98-101,105

German reunification initiative of,105-6

Khrushchev’s denunciation of,107-8,111,167

Korean War and,42-45

Marshall Plan and,32-34

as model for Mao,109-10

personality of,10-11

postwar goals of,10-14,20-22,27

successors to,104-5,106

U.S.-Soviet alliance and,93-94

State Department,U.S.,29,37,162,163,164,168,172 Strategic Arms Limitation Interim Agreement of 1972,81 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT),172,199-202,212

see also SALT II

Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START),225,235,255

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI),226-27,230,231-32

Suez Canal,70,77,126,127-28

Supreme Court,U.S.,175

Suslov,Mikhail,221

Sybil:The Two Nations (Disraeli),85,98

Tadzhikistan,253 Taiwan,37,41,126,129,130-31,265 Taraki,Nur Mohammed,210

Teheran Conference of 1943,5-6,9

Tennyson,Alfred,159

Tet Offensive,170

Thatcher,Margaret,197,216-17,222,223,230,237,240,250,251,257

third world,122-23,180,187,199,207,235

non-alignment strategy of,124-28

threat of collapse strategy of,129-34

Thucydides,51,52

Tiananmen Square massacre,242-43

索引 - 图3,247

Tito (Josip Broz),33-34,37,38,99-100,134

non-alignment strategy of,124-25

Tocqueville,Alexis de,237

totalitarianism,2,50

Trade Reform Act,182-83

Triumph and Tragedy (Churchill),6

Trotsky,Leon,99,224

Truman,Harry S.,10,26,35-37,53,57,58,94,103,180

hydrogen bomb decision of,61-62

nuclear weapons policy of,48,50,54-56,63

onset of Korean War and,43,45,159

Truman Doctrine speech of,95

Truman administration,25,35,38,40,47,49,58-59,131,159,164

Truman Doctrine,31,95,102

Turkey,11,28,31,76,95

Turkmenistan,253

Ukraine,99,253,255,256

Ulbricht,Walter,105-6,114,136-38

United Nations,27-28,54,56,93-94,101,184,188,236

human rights and,158,160-61

Kennan on,160

Korean War and,41,43,49,159

non-intervention principle of,160-61

veto power in,159

Wilsonian ideas and,158-59

United States,2,46,86,87,94,98,103,148,161

anti-war movement in,144-46

atomic bomb policy of,55-56

atomic monopoly of,34-36,54,56-58

authoritarian regimes and,161

China’s relations with,see Sino-American relations colonialism and,122-23

Cuban missile crisis and,75-78

decline of detente and,213-14

de Gaulle’s relations with,139-40

elections in,see elections,U.S.

Hiss spy case in,39-40

isolationism of,15-17,91-92

Kent State incident in,146

Khrushchev’s visit to,71-72

moral standards in foreign policy of,179-82

non-aligned countries and,125,127

origins of World War II and,89-90

postwar objectives of,15-17

postwar settlement and,9,17

Soviet Union contrasted with,7-8

Soviet Unions relations with,see United States—Soviet relations in Stalin’s postwar plans,12-14

in World War II,8-9

United States-Soviet relations:Angola conflict and,179

Arab-Israeli war of 1973 and,204-6,212

arms race and,see nuclear weapons;SALT atomic bomb and,55-58,69-70,81

“Basic Principles” statement and,203-4

Berlin blockade and,33-34

Bush administration’s review of,239

Tito (Josip Broz),33-34,37,38,99-100,134

non-alignment strategy of,124-25

Tocqueville,Alexis de,237

totalitarianism,2,50

Trade Reform Act,182-83

Triumph and Tragedy (Churchill),6

Trotsky,Leon,99,224

Truman,Harry S.,10,26,35-37,53,57,58,94,103,180

hydrogen bomb decision of,61-62

nuclear weapons policy of,48,50,54-56,63

onset of Korean War and,43,45,159

Truman Doctrine speech of,95

Truman administration,25,35,38,40,47,49,58-59,131,159,164

Truman Doctrine,31,95,102

Turkey,11,28,31,76,95

Turkmenistan,253

Ukraine,99,253,255,256

Ulbricht,Walter,105-6,114,136-38

United Nations,27-28,54,56,93-94,101,184,188,236

human rights and,158,160-61

Kennan on,160

Korean War and,41,43,49,159

non-intervention principle of,160-61

veto power in,159

Wilsonian ideas and,158-59

United States,2,46,86,87,94,98,103,148,161

anti-war movement in,144-46

atomic bomb policy of,55-56

atomic monopoly of,34-36,54,56-58

authoritarian regimes and,161

Chinas relations with,see Sino-American relations colonialism and,122-23

Cuban missile crisis and,75-78

decline of detente and,213-14

de Gaulle’s relations with,139-40

elections in,see elections,U.S. Hiss spy case in,39-40

isolationism of,15-17,91-92

Kent State incident in,146

Khrushchev’s visit to,71-72

moral standards in foreign policy of,179-82

non-aligned countries and,125,127

origins of World War II and,89-90

postwar objectives of,15-17

postwar settlement and,9,17

Soviet Union contrasted with,7-8

Soviet Unions relations with,see United States-Soviet relations in Stalin’s postwar plans,12-14

in World War II,8-9

United States-Soviet relations:Angola conflict and,179

Arab-Israeli war of 1973 and,204-6,212

arms race and,see nuclear weapons;SALT atomic bomb and,55—58,69-70,81

“Basic Principles” statement and,203-4

Berlin blockade and,33-34

Bush administration’s review of,239

Wilson,Woodrow,16-17,20,27,87,92-95,158

Fourteen Points of,87,121

relevance of,92-93

World War II and vision of,90-91

World Bank,93-94

World War I’ 12,16,33,50,52,53,92,94,262

capitalism and,86-89

colonialism and,121

World War II,7,12,14,15,17,26-27,43,46,48-49,50,52,69,79,87,89-90,94,139,157,238,248,250,262

colonialism and,121-22

second front in,18-20

separate peace issue in,18-20

strategic bombing,53-54

Yalta Conference of 1945,5-6,21,22

Yeltsin,Boris,254-56

Yugoslavia,37,99-100,126,153

non-alignment strategy of,124-25

Soviet Union’s rift with,33

Zelig (film),230

“zero option,” 225,231

Zhdanov,Andrei,32

Zhivkov,Todor,246

Zhou Enlai,125,151