破解时间的悖论

综上所述，当你感到时间紧迫时，请试着后退一步，想一想如何能更好地利用目前拥有的时间。请为自己设立一个截止时间——让压力催生的肾上腺素带着你以更加高效的状态完成任务。让身处的环境和自己的最佳唤醒状态保持一致——如果做不到，也记得安排一个“复原时间”，以便让身心回到基线状态，并在之后表现得更加出色。当你要开始一项任务时，远离手机，关掉邮箱，以及屏蔽掉所有可能给你带来干扰的诱惑——虽然人们总觉得一心多用看上去更为高效，但实际要为此付出转换成本，令进度变慢。

当你正享受某一刻的愉悦时光时，请抽离一小会儿，提醒自己没有什么是永恒的。彩霞终将褪去，一段人生旅程再美好，包括大学时光，都会有终点。认识到这一点，你就会对当下这一刻更加珍惜。若你也是一位还有6周就要毕业的同学，我理解你此刻对我的埋怨。但请相信，当毕业那天真正来临时，你一定会感激我的提醒。

  • Kurtz, J.L., “Looking to the Future to Appreciate the Present,” Psychological Science 19 (2008): 1238– 1241.

  • Ibid., 1241.

  • Ariely, D. & Wertenbroch, K., “Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment,” Psychological Science 13 (2002):219– 224.

  • “State Gift Card Consumer Protection Laws 2013 Update,” updated November 2013, ConsumersUnion. Retrieved from http://consumersunion.org/research/ state-gift-card-consumer-protection-laws-2013-update/.

  • Shu, S.B. & Gneezy, A., “Procrastination of Enjoyable Experiences,” Journal of Marketing Research 47 (2010): 933–944.

  • Teitelman, R. & Strauss, L.C., “Unused Gift Cards: Lost but Not Forgotten,” Barron’s, January 2, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.barrons.com/articles/ unused-gift-cards-lost-but-not-forgotten-1451704473.

  • Quoidbach, J., Dunn, E.W., Hansenne, M., & Bustin, G., “The Price of Abundance: How a Wealth of Experiences Impoverishes Savoring,” Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 41 (2015): 393–404.

  • Ibid., 401.

  • Yerkes, R.M. & Dodson, J.D., “The Relation of Strength of Stimulus to Rapidity of Habit-Formation,” Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology 18 (1908): 459– 482.

  • “Report: Only 20 Minutes until Introverted Man Gets to Leave Party,”Onion, March 12, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.theonion.com.

  • Little, B.R., “Free Traits and Personal Contexts: Expanding a Social Ecological Model of Well-Being,” in Person Environment Psychology, 2nd ed.,eds. Walsh, W.B., Craik, K.H., & Price, R. (New York: Guilford, 2000),p. 98. 87– 116.

  • Mogilner, C., Chance, Z., & Norton, M.I., “Giving Time Gives You Time,”Psychological Science 23 (2012): 1233– 1238.

  • Ibid., 1237.

  • Newport, F., “Most U.S. Smartphone Owners Check Phone at Least Hourly,”Gallup, July 9, 2015. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/184046/smartphone-owners-check-phone-least-hourly.aspx.

  • Kelleher, D., “Survey: 81% of U.S. Employees Check Their Work Mail outside Work Hours [INFOGRAPHIC],” TechTalk, May 20, 2013. Retrieved from http://www.gfi.com/blog/survey-81-of-u-s-employees-check-their-work-mail-outside-work-hours/.

  • Kushlev, K. & Dunn, E.W., “Checking Email Less Frequently Reduces Stress,” Computers in Human Behavior 43 (2015): 220– 228.

  • Wallis, C., “genM: The Multitasking Generation,” Time, March 27, 2006.Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1174696,00.html.

  • Garavan, H., “Serial Attention within Working Memory,” Memory & Cognition 26 (1998): 263– 276.

  • Bowman, L.L., Levine, L.E., Waite, B.M., & Gendron, M., “Can Students Really Multitask? An Experimental Study of Instant Messaging while Reading,” Computers & Education, 54 (2010): 927– 931.