一起来运动
许多人发现和别人相约一起运动能够让自己更好地坚持,并让运动变得更有乐趣。找一个运动搭档一起,能让你更愿意信守承诺,并更有动力。对运动员来说,赛场上的集体荣誉感也同样存在于日常的训练:
你刚刚完成了几组艰难的挺举,或是一系列具有挑战性的训练动作,十分有成就感。此时你回身,看到有25名队友正和你一起挥洒汗水,并肩战斗——这让你感觉更好了。
当然,你并不是一定要加入一支正式的球队或事前制订死板的运动计划,才能享受和同伴一起运动带来的乐趣。日常生活中,总会有一些朋友以他的方式让你一起动起来。我在非工作时间最喜欢做的一件事就是和医学院同事、我的好朋友露丝·克拉克博士一起共进午餐。因为我知道每次见到她,都将会有一场充满欢声笑语和各种精彩故事的对话。我同样清楚,每次和她见面前,一定要为自己准备一双轻便的鞋子,因为克拉克博士很喜欢散步。如果我们吃饭的地方很远,不能步行只能开车,那么她会选择把车停在离入口最远的地方,以便下车可以多走几步。如果我们是乘坐公交车,那么便会提前几站下车,接下来走路过去。作为一位生理学家,她这样做的原因便是自己在实验室和课堂上多次强调的:每天多走走,健康更长久。当然了,和她共进午餐,可不仅仅是“多走走”这么简单,我们的步行量已远远大于一般日常所需。但我并不会对此抱怨,这也不能怪她。她已经将运动纳入日常生活的各个方面了。不必为此觉得奇怪:毕竟,她也是当年要穿过整个宿舍走廊去接电话的那代人啊!
当我们选择让身体活动起来时,便也选择了使自己心理更加健康,动力十足地投入工作,更高效地安排日程,以及远离焦虑、精力充沛并信心十足地迎接挑战的良好状态。请记住,积极心理学的目标之一就是帮我们找到可实施的积极策略,提升我们的幸福感。在这些策略之中,坚持运动就是最为有效的方法之一。它操作简单、经济划算又行之有效,适用于几乎所有人,我们无论何时何地都能立即行动。无论你是希望在度过糟糕的一天后平复心情,还是要从烦恼的日程安排中透一口气,抑或心情不错,只是想锦上添花……起身去运动都是你的不二之选。
以下来自我的一位学生的分享,概括了本章所说的全部内容。这向我们清晰地展示了运动是如何对一位年轻人的生活产生了深刻的影响:
无论我经历了开心的一天还是糟糕的一天,运动都能让我感觉更好。当我一步步向前奔跑时,意识也随之越来越清明。当我一次次突破自己的举重纪录,自信心也变得越来越强。当和团队成员在赛场上一起拼搏时,我会更加感受到平时付出的努力没有白费。无论在生活中经历了多少困难,如何受挫,运动都能让我平静下来。这是一种容易让人上瘾的感受,它让我的身体产生了内啡肽,虽无法直接解决实际遇到的问题,却着实让人感受更好了。最为重要的是,因为运动,我变得更加相信自己。在自己完成举重目标,坚持再跑一圈,再游一个来回之后,我会充满干劲,不再畏惧即将面临的挑战,更加勇敢,不再患得患失。正因为如此,哪怕时间再紧张,我也会坚持运动,不错过任何一次可以跑步或者去健身房的机会。运动让我身体和头脑的状态都变得更好。
以上可以用图4来概括。
图4 去运动吧!
Velez, A., “Anna Kendrick’s Shower Thoughts Are Just as Delightful as You Would Expect,” BuzzFeed, (May 5, 2015). Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeed.com/alivelez/ anna-kendricks-shower-thoughts-are-j ust-as-delightful-as-you?utm_term=.su0R0dBN2#.ouY86grwW.
Lou, D.W., “Sedentary Behaviors and Youth: Current Trends and the Impact on Health,” Active Living Research, January 2014. Retrieved from http://activelivingresearch.org/sites/default/files/ALR_Brief_Sedentary Behavior_Jan2014.pdf.
“Physical Activity,” updated February 2017, World Health Organization.Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/.
Winslow, R., “The Guide to Beating a Heart Attack,” Wall Street Journal,April 16, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB100014 24052702304818404577347982400815676.
Fox, M., “Here’s Just How Bad Sitting Around Is for You,” NBC News, June 16,2014. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/health/cancer/ heres-j ust-how-bad-sitting-around-you-n132471.
Rocca, M., “Is Sitting the New Smoking?” (video), CBS News, August 24,2014. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/is-sitting-the-new-smoking/.
“Sitting Is the New Smoking: Ways a Sedentary Lifestyle Is Killing You,”Huffington Pos, September 24, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.huffin tonpost.com/ the-active-times/sitting-is-the-new-smokin_b_5890006.html.
Park, A., “Sitting Is Killing You,” Time, September 2, 1014. Retrieved from http://time.com/sitting/.
MacVean, M., “ ‘Get Up!’ or Lose Hours of Your Life Every Day, Scientist Says,” Los Angeles Times, July 31, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-get-up-20140731-story.html.
Biswas, A. et al., “Sedentary Time and Its Association with Risk for Disease Incidence, Mortality, and Hospitalization in Adults,” Annals of Internal Medicine 162 (2015): 123– 132.
Warren, T.W., Barry, V., Hooker, S.P., Sui, X., Church, T.S., & Blair, S.N.,“Sedentary Behaviors Increase Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Men,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (2010): 879–885.
Vankim, N.A. & Nelson, T.F., “Vigorous Physical Activity, Mental Health,Perceived Stress, and Socializing among College Students,” American Journal of Health Promotion 28 (2013): 7–15.
“How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need?” updated June 4, 2015, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/adults/index.htm.
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的建议,你可以通过两个简单的步骤计算出你要做的中等强度体力运动所需要达到的心率:首先用220减去你的年龄,然后分别乘以0.5和0.7。这两个值便是你的目标心率范围。例如你今年20岁,那么目标心率范围就是100~140。——作者注
Geist, W. “How to Work on No Sleep: Willie Geist,” Bloomberg, April 12,2012. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-04-12/how-to-work-on-no-sleep-willie-geist.
Puetz, T.W., Flowers, S.S., & O’Connor, P.J., “A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Feelings of Energy and Fatigue in Sedentary Young Adults with Persistent Fatigue,” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 77 (2008): 167– 174.
Ibid.
Williams, L.E. & Bargh, J.A., “Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth,” Science 322 (2008): 606– 607.
Bargh, J.A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L., “Automaticity of Social Behavior:Direct Effects of Trait Construct and Stereotype Activation on Action,”Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996): 230–244.
Youngstedt, S.D. & Kline, C.E., “Epidemiology of Exercise and Sleep,”Sleep and Biological Rhythms 4 (2006): 215–221.
Babyak, M. et al., “Exercise Treatment for Major Depression: Maintenance of Therapeutic Benefit at 10 Months,”Psychosomatic Medicine 62, (2000):633– 638.
Klein, S. (2006). The Science of Happiness: How Our Brains Make Us Happy — and What We Can Do to Get Happier. New York: Marlowe &Company, p. 194.
Ratey, J.J. (2008). Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain. New York: Little, Brown and Company, p. 7.
Klein, The Science of Happiness, 194.
Svrluga, S., “Lawsuit Filed against NCAA, University of North Carolina in ‘Paper Class’ Athletics Scandal,” Washington Post, January 22, 2015.Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/ grade-point/wp/2015/01/22/ lawsuit-filed-against-ncaa-university-of-north-carolina-in-paper-class-athletics-scandal/?utm_term=dd67db7bbb.9b.
“Judge Drops Ex-UNC Athletes’ Lawsuit Over Sham Classes,” February 19, 2016. Retrieved from http://www.espn.com/ college-football/story/_/id/14808985/j udge-dismisses-former-north-carolina-athletes-claims-school-academics.
Deacon, B.J., Abramowitz, J.S., Woods, C.M., & Tolin, D.F., “The Anxiety Sensitivity Index -Revised: Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure in Two Nonclinical Samples,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 41 (2003): 1427– 1449.
Broman-Fulks, J.J., Berman, M.E., Rabian, B., & Webster, M.J., “Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety Sensitivity,” Behaviour Research and Therapy 42 (2004): 125– 136.
Johnsgard, K. (2004). Conquering Depression & Anxiety Through Exercise. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Katz, M., “I Put in 5 Miles at the Office,”New York Times, September 16,2008. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/health/nutrition/18fitness.html?_r=0
Koepp, G.A. et al., “Treadmill Desks: A 1-Year Prospective Trial,” Obesity 21 (2013): 705– 711.
Reiff, C., Marlatt, K., & Dengel, D.R., “Difference in Caloric Expenditure in Sitting versus Standing Desks,” Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9(2012): 1009– 1011.
Kim, H. et al., “Effects of Oxygen Concentration and Flow Rate on Cognitive Ability and Physiological Responses in the Elderly,” Neural Regeneration Research 8 (2013): 264– 269.
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E.E., VanLanduyt, L.M., & Petruzzello, S.J., “Walking in (Affective) Circles: Can Short Walks Enhance Affect?” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 23 (2000): 245– 275.
Stroth, S., Hille, K., Spitzer, M., & Reinhardt, R., “Aerobic Endurance Exercise Benefits Memory and Affect in Young Adults,”Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 19 (2009): 223– 243.
Salas, C.R., Minakata, K., & Kelemen, W.L., “Walking before Study Enhances Free Recall but Not Judgment-of-Learning Magnitude,” Journal of Cognitive Psychology 23 (2011): 507–513.
Schmidt-Kassow, M. et al., “Physical Exercise during Encoding Improves Vocabulary Learning in Young Female Adults: A Neuroendocrinological Study,” PLoS ONE 8 (2013): 1– 11. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064172.
Pontifex, M.B., Hillman, C.H., Fernhall B., Thompson, K.M., & Valentini,T.A., “The Effect of Acute Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Working Memory,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (2009): 927–934.
Ekkekakis, P., Hall, E.E., VanLanduyt, L.M., & Petruzzello, S.J., “Walking in (Affective) Circles: Can Short Walks Enhance Affect?” Journal of Behavioral Medicine 23 (2000): 245– 275.
