10.

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Humanizing Players And Developers Is Crucial For League of_ Legends.php.

11. Christian Nutt, “League of Legends: Changing Bad Player Behavior with Neuroscience,” Gamasutra (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// www.gamasutra.com/ view/

news/ 178650/ League of Legends Changing bad player behavior with neuro science .php#.URj5SVpdccs.

12. Katharine Milton, “A Hypothesis to Explain the Role of Meat-Eating in Human Evolution,” Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 8, no. 1 (1999): 11– 21, doi:10.1002/(SICI) 1520-6505(1999)8:1<11: AID-EVAN6>3.0.CO;2-M.

13. Alok Jha, “Stone Me! Spears Show Early Human Species Was Sharper Than We Thought,” Guardian (Nov. 15, 2012), http:// www.theguardian.com/ science/ 2012/ nov/

15/ stone-spear - early-human- species.

14. Robin McKie, “Humans Hunted for Meat 2 Mil ion Years Ago,” Guardian (Sept. 22, 2012), http:// www.theguardian.com/ science/ 2012/ sep/ 23/ human-hunting-evolution-2mil ion - years.

15. Daniel Lieberman, “The Barefoot Professor: By Nature Video” (2010), http://

www.youtube.com/ watch? v= 7jrnj-7YKZE.

16. Gary Rivlin, “Slot Machines for the Young and Active,” New York Times (Dec. 10, 2007), http:// www.nytimes.com/ 2007/ 12/ 10/ business/ 10slots.html.

17. Kara Swisher and Liz Gannes, “Pinterest Does Another Massive Funding—$225

Mil ion at $3.8 Bil ion Valuation (Confirmed),” Al Things Digital (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// al thingsd .com/ 20131023/ pinterest-does- another-massive- funding-225 -

mil ion-at-3-8- bil ion-valuation.

18. B. Zeigarnik, “Uber das Behalten yon erledigten und underledigten Handlungen.”

Psychologische Forschung 9 (1927): 1– 85.

19. Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, “Self-determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health,” Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne 49, no. 3 (2008): 182– 85, doi:10.1037/ a0012801.

20. Alexia Tsotsis and Leena Rao, “Mailbox Cost Dropbox Around $100 Mil ion,”

TechCrunch (accessed Nov. 29, 2013), http:// techcrunch.com/ 2013/ 03/ 15/ mailbox-cost- dropbox-around - 100-mil ion.

21. Quantcast audience profile for mahalo.com (according to Jason Calcanis), Quantcast.com (accessed June 19, 2010), https:// www .quantcast.com/ mahalo.com.

22. Graham Cluley, “Creepy Quora Erodes Users’ Privacy, Reveals What You Have Read,”

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09/ creepy-quora - erodes-users- privacy-reveals- what-you- have-read.

23. Sandra Liu Huang, “Removing Feed Stories About Views,” Quora (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// www.quora.com/ perma link/ gG922bywy.

24. Christopher J. Carpenter, “A Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of the ‘But You Are Free’ Compliance-Gaining Technique,” Communication Studies 64, no. 1 (2013): 6– 17, doi:10.1080/ 1051 0974.2012.727941.

25. Juho Hamari, “Social Aspects Play an Important Role in Gamification,” Gamification Research Network (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http:// gamification-research.org/ 2013/

07/ social-aspects.

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27. Mike Janela, “Breaking Bad Cooks up Record-breaking Formula for Guinness World Records 2014 Edition,” Guinness World Records (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http://

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28. Geoff F. Kaufman and Lisa K. Libby, “Changing Beliefs and Behavior through Experience-Taking,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103, no. 1 (July 2012): 1– 19, doi:10.1037/ a0027525.

29. C. J. Arlotta, “CityVil e Tops FarmVil e’s Highest Peak of Monthly 第五章

1. “Taiwan Teen Dies After Gaming for 40 Hours,” The Australian (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http:// www.theaustralian.com.au/ news/ latest-news/ taiwan-teen- dies-after-gaming-for- 40 -hours/ story-fn3dxix6- 1226428437223.

2. James Gregory Lord, The Raising of Money: 35 Essentials Trustees Are Using to Make a Difference (Seattle: New Futures Press, 2010).

3. Robert B. Cialdini, Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (New York: HarperCol ins, 2007).

4. Michael I. Norton, Daniel Mochon, and Dan Ariely, The “IKEA Effect”: When Labor Leads to Love (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, NY), Social Science Research Network. (March 4, 2011), http:// papers.ssrn.com/ abstract= 1777100.

5. J. L. Freedman and S. C. Fraser, “Compliance Without Pressure: The Foot-in- the-Door Technique,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 4, no. 2 (1966): 196– 202.

6. “Jesse Schel @ DICE2010 (Part 2),” (2010), http:// www.you tube.com/ watch? v=

pPfaSxU6jyY.

7. B. J. Fogg and C. Nass, “How Users Reciprocate to Computers: An Experiment That Demonstrates Behavior Change,” in Proceedings of CHI (ACM Press, 1997), 331– 32.

8. Jonathan Libov, “On Bloomberg: ‘You could code Twitter in a day. Then you’d just need to build the network and infrastructure.’ Didn’t know it was so easy!,” Twitter, @libovness (Nov. 7, 2013), https:// twitter.com/ libovness/ status/ 398451464907259904.

9. Andrew Min, “First Impressions Matter: 2690 of Apps Downloaded in 2010 were used Just Once,” Localytics (accessed July 23, 2014), http:// www.localytics.com/ blog/ 2011/

first-impressions - matter-26-percent-of- apps-downloaded- used-just- once.

10. Peter Farago, “App Engagement: The Matrix Reloaded,” Flurry (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http:// blog.flurry.com/ bid/ 90743/ App-Engagement- The-Matrix- Reloaded.

11. Anthony Ha, “Tinder’s Sean Rad Hints at a Future Beyond Dating, Says the App Sees 350M Swipes a Day,” TechCrunch (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http:// techcrunch.com/

2013/ 10/ 29/ sean-rad- disrupt.

12. Stuart Dredge, “Snapchat: Self-destructing Messaging App Raises $60M in Funding,”

Guardian (June 25, 2013), http:// www.theguardian.com/ technology/ appsblog/ 2013/

jun/ 25/ snapchat-app- self-destructing- messaging.

13. Kara Swisher and Liz Gannes, “Pinterest Does Another Massive Funding—$225

Mil ion at $3.8 Bil ion Valuation (Confirmed),” Al Things Digital (accessed Nov. 13, 2013), http:// al thingsd .com/ 20131023/ pinterest-does- another-massive- funding-225 -

mil ion-at-3-8- bil ion-valuation/.

第六章

1. For further thoughts on the morality of designing behavior, see: Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein, and John P. Balz, “Choice Architecture” (SSRN Scholarly Paper, Rochester, New York), Social Science Research Network, (April 2, 2010), http:// papers .ssrn .com/

abstract= 1583509.

2. Charlie White, “Survey: Cel phones vs. Sex— Which Wins?,” Mashable (accessed), http:// mashable.com/ 2011/ 08/ 03/ telenav - cel phone-infographic.

3. Ian Bogost, “The Cigarette of This Century,” Atlantic (June 6, 2012), http://

www.theatlantic.com/ technology/ archive/ 2012/ 06/ the-cigarette-of-this- century/

258092/.