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2. Somini Perlroth, Nicole Sengupta, and Jenna Wortham, “Instagram Founders Were Helped by Bay Area Connections,” New York Times (April 13, 2012), http://

www.nytimes.com/ 2012/ 04/ 14/ technology/ instagram-founders- were-helped-by-bay- area -connections.html.

3. “Twitter ‘Tried to Buy Instagram before Facebook.’ ” Telegraph (April 16, 2012), http://

www.telegraph.co.uk/ technology/ twitter/ 9206312/ Twitter-tried-to-buy- Instagram-before- Facebook .html.

4. Barry Schwartz, The Paradox of Choice (New York: Ecco, 2004).

5. Blake Masters, “Peter Thiel’s CS183: Startup— Class 2 Notes Essay,” Blake Masters (April 6, 2012), http:// blakemasters.com/ post/ 20582845717/ peter-thiels- cs183-startup- class-2- notes-essay.

6. R. Kotikalapudi, S. Chel appan, F. Montgomery, D. Wunsch, and K. Lutzen, “Associating Internet Usage with Depressive Behavior Among Col ege Students,” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 31, no. 4 (2012): 73– 80, doi:10.1109/ MTS.2012.2225462.

7. Sriram Chel appan and Raghavendra Kotikalapudi, “How Depressed People Use the Internet,” New York Times (June 15, 2012), http:// www.nytimes.com/ 2012/ 06/ 17/

opinion/ sunday/ how-depressed- people-use- the-internet.html.

8. Ryan Tate, “Twitter Founder Reveals Secret Formula for Getting Rich Online,” Wired (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// www .wired.com/ business/ 2013/ 09/ ev-wil iams-xoxo.

9. Erika Hal , “How the ‘Failure’ Culture of Startups Is Kil ing Innovation,” Wired (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// www.wired .com/ opinion/ 2013/ 09/ why-do- research-when- you-can- fail - fast-pivot- and-act- out-other- popular-startup- cliches.

10. “The Power of User Narratives: Jack Dorsey (Square),” video, Entrepreneurial Thought Leaders

Lecture

(Stanford

University,

2011),

http://

ecorner.stanford.edu/

authorMaterialInfo .html? mid= 2644.

11. Eric Ries, “What Is Customer Development?,” Startup Lessons Learned (accessed Nov.

12, 2013), http:// www.startuples sonslearned.com/ 2008/ 11/ what-is- customer-development. html.

12. Rich Crandal , “Empathy Map,” the K12 Lab Wiki (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), https://

dschool.stanford.edu/ groups/ k12/ wiki/ 3d994/ Empathy_ Map.html.

13. Tai chi Ohno, Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-scale Production (Portland, OR: Productivity Press, 1988).

14. For more on the need for social belonging, see: Susan T. Fiske, Social Beings: A Core Motives Approach to Social Psychology (Hoboken: Wiley, 2010).

第三章

1. “What Causes Behavior Change?,” B. J. Fogg’s Behavior Model (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// behaviormodel.org.

2. Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, “Self-determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development, and Health,” Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne 49, no. 3 (2008): 182– 85, doi:10.1037/ a0012801.

3. Barack Obama “Hope” poster, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, November 5, 2013, http:// en.wikipedia.org/ w/ index .php? title= Barack Obama% 22Hope% 22_ poster& oldid= 579742540.

4. Denis J. Hauptly, Something Real y New: Three Simple Steps to Creating Truly Innovative Products (New York: AMACOM, 2007).

5. Ingrid Lunden, “Analyst: Twitter Passed 500M Users in June 2012, 140M of Them in US; Jakarta ‘Biggest Tweeting’ City,” TechCrunch (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http://

techcrunch.com/ 2012/ 07/ 30/ analyst-twitter- passed-500m- users-in- june-2012 -

140m-of-them-in-us-jakarta- biggest-tweeting- city.

6. “What Causes Behavior Change?,” B. J. Fogg’s Behavior Model (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// www.behaviormodel.org.

7. Leena Rao, “Twitter Seeing 90 Mil ion Tweets Per Day, 25 Percent Contain Links,”

TechCrunch (accessed Nov. 12, 2013), http:// techcrunch.com/ 2010/ 09/ 14/ twitter-seeing-90-mil ion - tweets-per- day.

8. Stephen Worchel, Jerry Lee, and Akanbi Adewole, “Effects of Supply and Demand on Ratings of Object Value,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 32, no. 5 (1975): 906– 14, doi:10.1037/ 0022-3514.32.5.906.

9. Gene Weingarten, “Pearls Before Breakfast,” Washington Post (April 8, 2007), http://

www.washingtonpost.com/

wp-dyn/

content/

article/

2007/

04/

04/

AR2007040401721.html.

10. Hilke Plassmann, John O’Doherty, Baba Shiv, and Antonio Rangel, “Marketing Actions Can Modulate Neural Representations of Experienced Pleasantness,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 3 (Jan. 2008): 1050– 54, doi:10.1073/ pnas .0706929105.

11. Joseph Nunes and Xavier Dreze, “The Endowed Progress Effect: How Artificial AdvancementI

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