24.2　安装与卸载

24.2　安装与卸载

Compose目前支持Linux和Mac OS平台，两者的安装过程大同小异。

安装Compose之前，要先安装Docker（需要Docker Engine 1.7.1+），详细步骤请参考第一部分中的内容。

Compose可以通过Python的pip工具进行安装，可以直接下载编译好的二进制文件使用，甚至直接运行在Docker容器中。

前两种方式是传统方式，适合本地环境下安装使用；最后一种方式则不破坏系统环境，更适合云计算场景。

1.pip安装

这种方式是将Compose当作一个Python应用来从pip源中安装。

执行安装命令：

$ sudo pip install -U docker-compose

可以看到类似如下输出，说明安装成功：

Collecting docker-compose
    Downloading docker-compose-1.8.0.tar.gz (149kB): 149kB downloaded
...
Successfully installed docker-compose cached-property requests texttable websocket- 
    client docker-py dockerpty six enum34 backports.ssl-match-hostname ipaddress

安装成功后，可以查看docker-compose命令的用法：

$ docker-compose -h
Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
Usage:
    docker-compose [-f=<arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
    docker-compose -h|--help
Options:
    -f, --file FILE           Specify an alternate compose file (default: 
                              docker-compose.yml)
    -p, --project-name NAME   Specify an alternate project name (default: 
                              directory name)
    --x-networking            (EXPERIMENTAL) Use new Docker networking 
                              functionality.
                              Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
    --x-network-driver DRIVER (EXPERIMENTAL) Specify a network driver (default: 
                              "bridge").
                              Requires Docker 1.9 or later.
    --verbose                 Show more output
    -v, --version             Print version and exit
Commands:
    build              Build or rebuild services
    help               Get help on a command
    kill               Kill containers
    logs               View output from containers
    pause              Pause services
    port               Print the public port for a port binding
    ps                 List containers
    pull               Pulls service images
    restart            Restart services
    rm                 Remove stopped containers
    run                Run a one-off command
    scale              Set number of containers for a service
    start              Start services
    stop               Stop services
    unpause            Unpause services
    up                 Create and start containers
    migrate-to-labels  Recreate containers to add labels
    version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

之后，可以添加bash补全命令：

$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/docker/compose/1.8.0/contrib/completion
    /bash/docker-compose > /etc/bash_completion.d/docker-compose

2.二进制包

官方定义编译好二进制包，供大家使用。这些发布的二进制包可以在https://github.com/docker/compose/releases页面找到。

这些二进制文件，下载后直接放到执行路径下，并添加执行权限即可。例如，在Linux平台上：

$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/docker-
    compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

可以使用docker-compose version命令来查看版本信息，以测试是否安装成功：

$ docker-compose version
docker-compose version 1.8.0, build 94f7016
docker-py version: 1.9.0
CPython version: 2.7.6
OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014

3.容器中执行

Compose既然是一个Python应用，自然也可以直接用容器来执行它：

$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.8.0/run.sh > 
    /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

实际上，查看下载的run.sh脚本内容，如下所示：

set -e
VERSION="1.8.0"
IMAGE="docker/compose:$VERSION"
# Setup options for connecting to docker host
if [ -z "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
    DOCKER_HOST="/var/run/docker.sock"
fi
if [ -S "$DOCKER_HOST" ]; then
    DOCKER_ADDR="-v $DOCKER_HOST:$DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_HOST"
else
    DOCKER_ADDR="-e DOCKER_HOST -e DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY -e DOCKER_CERT_PATH"
fi
# Setup volume mounts for compose config and context
if [ "$(pwd)" != '/' ]; then
    VOLUMES="-v $(pwd):$(pwd)"
fi
if [ -n "$COMPOSE_FILE" ]; then
    compose_dir=$(dirname $COMPOSE_FILE)
fi
# TODO: also check --file argument
if [ -n "$compose_dir" ]; then
    VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $compose_dir:$compose_dir"
fi
if [ -n "$HOME" ]; then
    VOLUMES="$VOLUMES -v $HOME:$HOME -v $HOME:/root" # mount $HOME in /root to 
        share docker.config
fi
# Only allocate tty if we detect one
if [ -t 1 ]; then
    DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="-t"
fi
if [ -t 0 ]; then
    DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS="$DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS -i"
fi
exec docker run --rm $DOCKER_RUN_OPTIONS $DOCKER_ADDR $COMPOSE_OPTIONS $VOLUMES 
    -w "$(pwd)" $IMAGE "$@"

可以看到，它其实是下载了docker/compose镜像并运行。

4.卸载

如果是二进制包方式安装的，删除二进制文件即可：

$ sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

如果是通过Python pip工具安装的，则可以执行如下命令删除：

$ sudo pip uninstall docker-compose

24.2 安装与卸载