附录E SQL保留字

SQL是由关键字组成的语言，关键字是一些用于执行SQL操作的特殊词汇。在命名数据库、表、列和其他数据库对象时，一定不要使用这些关键字。因此，这些关键字是一定要保留的。

本附录列出主要DBMS中最常用的保留字。请注意以下几点。

  • 关键字随不同的DBMS而变化，并非下面的所有关键字都被所有DBMS采用。
  • 许多DBMS扩展了SQL保留字，使其包含专门用于实现的术语。多数DBMS专用的关键字未列在下面。
  • 为保证以后的兼容性和可移植性，应避免使用这些保留字，即使它们不是你使用的DBMS的保留字。
  1. ABORT                            ABSOLUTE                            ACTION
  2. ACTIVE                           ADD                                 AFTER
  3. ALL                              ALLOCATE                            ALTER
  4. ANALYZE                          AND                                 ANY
  5. ARE                              AS                                  ASC
  6. ASCENDING                        ASSERTION                           AT
  7. AUTHORIZATION                    AUTO                                AUTO-INCREMENT
  8. AUTOINC                          AVG                                 BACKUP
  9. BEFORE                           BEGIN                               BETWEEN
  10. BIGINT                           BINARY                              BIT
  11. BLOB                             BOOLEAN                             BOTH
  12. BREAK                            BROWSE                              BULK
  13. BY                               BYTES                               CACHE
  14. CALL                             CASCADE                             CASCADED
  15. CASE                             CAST                                CATALOG
  16. CHANGE                           CHAR                                CHARACTER
  17. CHARACTER_LENGTH                 CHECK                               CHECKPOINT
  18. CLOSE                            CLUSTER                             CLUSTERED
  19. COALESCE                         COLLATE                             COLUMN
  20. COLUMNS                          COMMENT                             COMMIT
  21. COMMITTED                        COMPUTE                             COMPUTED
  22. CONDITIONAL                      CONFIRM                             CONNECT
  23. CONNECTION                       CONSTRAINT                          CONSTRAINTS
  24. CONTAINING                       CONTAINS                            CONTAINSTABLE
  25. CONTINUE                         CONTROLROW                          CONVERT
  26. COPY                             COUNT                               CREATE
  27. CROSS                            CSTRING                             CUBE
  28. CURRENT                          CURRENT_DATE                        CURRENT_TIME
  29. CURRENT_TIMESTAMP                CURRENT_USER                        CURSOR
  30. DATABASE                         DATABASES                           DATE
  31. DATETIME                         DAY                                 DBCC
  32. DEALLOCATE                       DEBUG                               DEC
  33. DECIMAL                          DECLARE                             DEFAULT
  34. DELETE                           DENY                                DESC
  35. DESCENDING                       DESCRIBE                            DISCONNECT
  36. DISK                             DISTINCT                            DISTRIBUTED
  37. DIV                              DO                                  DOMAIN
  38. DOUBLE                           DROP                                DUMMY
  39. DUMP                             ELSE                                ELSEIF
  40. ENCLOSED                         END                                 ERRLVL
  41. ERROREXIT                        ESCAPE                              ESCAPED
  42. EXCEPT                           EXCEPTION                           EXEC
  43. EXECUTE                          EXISTS                              EXIT
  44. EXPLAIN                          EXTEND                              EXTERNAL
  45. EXTRACT                          FALSE                               FETCH
  46. FIELD                            FIELDS                              FILE
  47. FILLFACTOR                       FILTER                              FLOAT
  48. FLOPPY                           FOR                                 FORCE
  49. FOREIGN                          FOUND                               FREETEXT
  50. FREETEXTTABLE                    FROM                                FULL
  51. FUNCTION                         GENERATOR                           GET
  52. GLOBAL                           GO                                  GOTO
  53. GRANT                            GROUP                               HAVING
  54. HOLDLOCK                         HOUR                                IDENTITY
  55. IF                               IN                                  INACTIVE
  56. INDEX                            INDICATOR                           INFILE
  57. INNER                            INOUT                               INPUT
  58. INSENSITIVE                      INSERT                              INT
  59. INTEGER                          INTERSECT                           INTERVAL
  60. INTO                             IS                                  ISOLATION
  61. JOIN                             KEY                                 KILL
  62. LANGUAGE                         LAST                                LEADING
  63. LEFT                             LENGTH                              LEVEL
  64. LIKE                             LIMIT                               LINENO
  65. LINES                            LISTEN                              LOAD
  66. LOCAL                            LOCK                                LOGFILE
  67. LONG                             LOWER                               MANUAL
  68. MATCH                            MAX                                 MERGE
  69. MESSAGE                          MIN                                 MINUTE
  70. MIRROREXIT                       MODULE                              MONEY
  71. MONTH                            MOVE                                NAMES
  72. NATIONAL                         NATURAL                             NCHAR
  73. NEXT                             NEW                                 NO
  74. NOCHECK                          NONCLUSTERED                        NONE
  75. NOT                              NULL                                NULLIF
  76. NUMERIC                          OF                                  OFF
  77. OFFSET                           OFFSETS                             ON
  78. ONCE                             ONLY                                OPEN
  79. OPTION                           OR                                  ORDER
  80. OUTER                            OUTPUT                              OVER
  81. OVERFLOW                         OVERLAPS                            PAD
  82. PAGE                             PAGES                               PARAMETER
  83. PARTIAL                          PASSWORD                            PERCENT
  84. PERM                             PERMANENT                           PIPE
  85. PLAN                             POSITION                            PRECISION
  86. PREPARE                          PRIMARY                             PRINT
  87. PRIOR                            PRIVILEGES                          PROC
  88. PROCEDURE                        PROCESSEXIT                         PROTECTED
  89. PUBLIC                           PURGE                               RAISERROR
  90. READ                             READTEXT                            REAL
  91. REFERENCES                       REGEXP                              RELATIVE
  92. RENAME                           REPEAT                              REPLACE
  93. REPLICATION                      REQUIRE                             RESERV
  94. RESERVING                        RESET                               RESTORE
  95. RESTRICT                         RETAIN                              RETURN
  96. RETURNS                          REVOKE                              RIGHT
  97. ROLLBACK                         ROLLUP                              ROWCOUNT
  98. RULE                             SAVE                                SAVEPOINT
  99. SCHEMA                           SECOND                              SECTION
  100. SEGMENT                          SELECT                              SENSITIVE
  101. SEPARATOR                        SEQUENCE                            SESSION_USER
  102. SET                              SETUSER                             SHADOW
  103. SHARED                           SHOW                                SHUTDOWN
  104. SINGULAR                         SIZE                                SMALLINT
  105. SNAPSHOT                         SOME                                SORT
  106. SPACE                            SQL                                 SQLCODE
  107. SQLERROR                         STABILITY                           STARTING
  108. STARTS                           STATISTICS                          SUBSTRING
  109. SUM                              SUSPEND                             TABLE
  110. TABLES                           TAPE                                TEMP
  111. TEMPORARY                        TEXT                                TEXTSIZE
  112. THEN                             TIME                                TIMESTAMP
  113. TO                               TOP                                 TRAILING
  114. TRAN                             TRANSACTION                         TRANSLATE
  115. TRIGGER                          TRIM                                TRUE
  116. TRUNCATE                         UNCOMMITTED                         UNION
  117. UNIQUE                           UNTIL                               UPDATE
  118. UPDATETEXT                       UPPER                               USAGE
  119. USE                              USER                                USING
  120. VALUE                            VALUES                              VARCHAR
  121. VARIABLE                         VARYING                             VERBOSE
  122. VIEW                             VOLUME                              WAIT
  123. WAITFOR                          WHEN                                WHERE
  124. WHILE                            WITH                                WORK
  125. WRITE                            WRITETEXT                           XOR
  126. YEAR                             ZONE