注解和参考文献（Notes and References）

第1章

  1. Ershov认为编程是一种乐趣和苦恼共存的活动。A.P. Ershov, "Aesthetics and the human factor in programming," CACM, 15,7(July,1972), pp. 501-505.

第2章

  1. Bell电话实验室的V.A. Vyssotsky估计一个大项目必须维持每年30%的人员投入. 这导致了巨大的压力, 甚至是限制了在第7章中, 所讨论的根本、非正式结构和沟通的演化. 麻省理工学院的F.J. Corbató指出, 一个长期的项目必须预见到每年有20%的人员更替, 这必须进行技术上进行培训以及集成到原有的结构.

  2. International Computers Limited的C. Portman提出: "当所有的一切看上去可以工作, 已经被集成时, 你至少还有4个多月的工作需要完成." 在Wolverton, R. W., "The cost of developing lage-scale software," IEEE Trans. on Computers, C-23, 6(June, 1974) pp.615-636提出了若干其他的进度划分.

  3. 图2.5至2. 8出自Jerry Ogdin, 他引用了这章的早期版本, 必须改进相应的描述. Ogdin, J. L., "The Mongolian hordes versus superprogrammer," Infosystems (Dec., 1972), pp.20-23。

第3章

  1. Sackman, H., W. J. Erikson, and E. E. Grant, "Exploratory experimental studies comparing online and offline programming performance," CAM, 11, 1(Jan., 1968), pp. 3-11.

  2. Mills, H., "Chief programmer teams, principles, and procedures," IBM Federal Systems Division Report FSC 715108, Gaitherburg, Md., 1971

  3. Baker F. T., "Chief programmer team management of production programming," IBM Sys. J. 11, 1 (1972).

第4章

  1. Eschapasse, M., Reims Cathedral, Caisse Nationale des Monuments Historiques, Paris, 1967.

  2. Brooks, F. P., "Architectural philosophy," in W. Buchholz(ed.), Planning A Computer System. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962.

  3. Blaauw, G.. A., "Hardware requirements for the fourth generation," in F. Gruenberger (ed.), Fourth Generation Computers. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970.

  4. Brooks, F. P., and K. E. Iverson, Automatic Data Processing, System/360 Edition. New York: Wiley, 1969, Chapter 5.

  5. Glegg G. L., The Design of Design. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1969, 提出"乍一看, 用任何规则或者原理来约束创造性思维的想法是一种阻碍, 而不是帮助, 但实际情况中完全不是这样. 规范的思维实际上是促进而不是阻碍了灵感的产生."

  6. Conway, R. W., "The PL/C Compiler," Proceedings of a Conf. on Definition and Implementation of Universal Programming Languages. Stuttgard, 1970.

  7. 关于编程技术必要性的讨论, 参见C. H. Reynolds, "What's wrong with computer programming management?" in G. F. Weinwurm (ed.). On the Management of Computer Programming. Philadelphia: Auerbach, 197.1 pp. 35-42.

第5章

  1. Strachey C., "Review of Planning a Computer System", Comp. J., 5, 2 (July, 1962), pp. 152-153.

  2. 这仅仅适用于控制程序. OS/360项目中的一些编译器开发团队正构建他们的第三个或第四个系统, 他们卓越的产品展示了这一点.

  3. Shell, D. L., "The Share 709 systems: a cooperative effort"; Greenwald, I. D., and M. Kane,

"The Share 709 system: programming and modification"; Boehm E. M., and T. B. Steel, Jr.

"The Share 709 system: machine implementation of symbolic programming"; all in JACM, 6,

2(April, 1959), pp. 123-140.

第6章

  1. Neustadt R. E., Presidential Power. New York: Wiley, 1960, Chapter 2.

  2. Backus J. W., "The syntax and semantics of the proposed international algebraic language." Proc. Intl. Conf. Inf. Proc. UNESCO, Paris, 1959, published by R. Oldenbourg, Munich, and Butterworth, London. Besides this, a whole collection of papers on the subject is contained in T. B. Steel, Jr. (ed.). Formal Language Description Languages for Computer Programming.

Amsterdam: North Holland, 1966.

  1. Lucas, P., K. Walk, "On the formal description of PL/I" Annual Review in Automatic Programming Language. New York: Wiley, 1962. Chapter 2, p. 2.

  2. Iverson K. E. A Programming Language. New York: Wiley, 1962. Chapter 2.

  3. Falkoff A. D., K. E. Iverson, E. H. Sussenguth, "A formal description of System/360," IBM

Systems Journal. 3, 3,(1964), pp. 198-261.

  1. Bell C. G., A. Newell, Computer Structures. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970, pp. 120- 136, 517-541.

  2. Bell, C. G.., private communication.

第7章

  1. Parnas D. L., "Information distribution aspects of design methodology," Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Dept. of Computer Science Technical Report, February, 1971.

  2. Copyright 1939, 1940 Street & Smith Publications, Copyright 1950, 1967 by Robert А. Heinlein. Published by arrangement with Spectrum Literary Agency.

第8章

  1. Sackman ,H., W. J. Erikson, and E. E. Grant, "Exploratory experimentation studies comparing online and offline programming performance," CACM, 11, 1( Jan. 1968), 11, pp. 3-11.

  2. Nanus, B., and L. Farr, "Some cost contributors to large-scale programs," AFIPS Proc. SJCC, 25(Spring, 1964), pp. 239-248.

  3. Weinwurm, G. F., "Research in the management of computer programming," Report SP-2059, System Development Corp. Santa Monica, 1965.

  4. Morin, L. H., "Estimation of resources for computer programming projects," M. S. thesis. Univ. Of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1974.

  5. Portman, C., private communication.

  6. 一份未发表的E. F. Bardain1964研究指出程序员实际的生产时间占27%. (为D. B. Mayer and A. W. Stalnaker所引用, "Selection and evaluation of computer personnel, " Proc. 23d ACM Conf., 1968, p. 661.)

  7. Aron, J. , Private communication.

  8. 材料在小组会议中给出, 没有包括于the AFIPS Proceedings.

  9. Wolverton, R. W. "The cost of developing large-scale software," IEEE Trans. On Computers. C-23, 6, (June,1974), pp. 615-636. 这篇重要新近发表的文章包含的数据核实了生产率方面的结论, 同时还有许多所讨论问题的数据.

  10. Corbató, F. J. "Sensitive issues in the design of multi-use systems," 在好莱坞EDP技术中心1968年的公开演讲.

  11. W. M. Taliaffero同时指出了在Fortran和Cobol编译器方面的生产率为2400语句/年. 参见" Modularity. The key to system growth potential," Software, 1, 3. (July, 1971), pp. 245-257.

  12. E. A. Nelson's System Development Corp. Report TM-3225, Management Handbook for Estimation of Computer Programming Costs, 尽管标注有较大的背离, 仍然显示了高级语言带来了1至3倍生产率的提高(pp. 66-67).

第9章

  1. Brooks F. P., and K. E .Iverson, Automatic Data Processing, System/360 Edition. New York: Wiley, 1969. Chapter 6.

  2. Knuth, D. E., The Art of Computer Programming. Vols. 1 - 3. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1968. ff.

第10章

  1. Conway, M. E., "How do committees invent? " Datamation. 14,4(April. 1968 ), pp. 28-31.

第11章

  1. 在Oglethorpe大学1932年5月22号的演讲.

  2. 描述了Multics在两个成功系统上所获得经验的书籍是F. J. Corbató, J. H. Saltzer, and C. T. Clingen, "Multics-the first seven years," AFIPS Proc SJCC. 40(1972), pp. 571-583.

  3. Cosgrove, J., "Needed: a new planning framework," Datamation, 17, 23(Dec.1971 ), pp. 37-39.

  4. 设计变更的问题是很复杂的, 这里我过于简化了. 参见J. H. Saltzer "Evolutionary design of complex systems," in D. Eckman (ed.), Systems: Research and Design. New York: Wiley, 1961. 当所有的事被提出和完成, 我依然提倡构建一个被抛弃的实验性系统.

  5. Campbell, E., "Report to the AEC Computer Information Meeting," December, 1970. 该现象同时有J. L. Ordin 在"Designing reliable software," Datamation. 18, 7(. July. 1972), pp. 71-78中讨论. 至于曲线是否会再次下降, 我的具有丰富检验的朋友们各执己见.

  6. Lehman, M., and L. Belady, "Programming systems dynamics," given at the ACM SIGOPS Third Symposium on Operating Systems Principles ,October, 1971.

  7. Lewis, C. S., Mere Christianity. New York: Macmillan, 1960, p. 54.

第12章

  1. 参见J. W. Pomeroy, "A guide to programming tools and techniques," IBM Sys. J., 11,3(1972), pp. 234-254.

  2. Landy B., R. M. Needham, " Software engineering techniques used in the development of the Cambridge Multiple-Access System" Software, 1,2 (April, 1971), pp. 167-173.

  3. Corbato F. J. , "PL/I as a tool for system programming" Datamation, 15, 5(May, 1969), pp. 68-76.

  4. Hopkins, M., "Problems of PL/I for system programming" IBM Research Report RC 3489. Yorktown Heights, N. Y., August 5, 1971.

  5. Corbato F. J., J. H. Saltzer, and C. T. Clingen, "MULTICS - the first seven years", AFIPS Proc SJCC, 40(1972) pp. 571-582. "出于达到最优性能的原因, 仅有半打使用PL/L编程的领域重新用汇编进行了改写. 许多最初使用机器语言编写的程序都用PL/L重新编写,译提高它们的可维护性."

  6. 引用Corbato论文中的参考资料3: "PL/I is here now and the alternatives are still untested". 同时,书写良好的提出反面意见的文章, 参见Henricksen J. O. and R. E. Merwin, "Programmin language efficiency in real-time software systems", AFIPS Proc SJCC. 40(1972). pp. 155-161.

  7. 并不是所有人都同意. 在一次私下的交流中, Harlan Mills说: "我的经验开始告诉我, 在产品开发中, 将秘书安排到终端面前. 其思想是使编程成为在众多团队成员监督下, 更加大众化的实践, 而不是一项专有的技术.."

  8. Yarr J., "Programming Experience for the Number 1 Electronic Switching System," paper given at the 1969 SJCC.

第13章

  1. Vyssotsky V. A., 在Chapel Hill, N. C1972年举办的计算机程序测试方法讨论会"Common sense in designing testable software". Vyssitsky的大多数演讲收录在Hetzel, W. C. (ed.),

Program Test Methods. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972. pp. 41-47.

  1. Wirth, N., "Program development by stepwise refinement," CACM 14, 4(April, 1971) pp. 221-227. 参见Mills, H., "Top-down programming in large systems," in R. Rustin (ed.).

Debugging Techniques in Large Systems. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971, pp. 41-55; and Baker F. T., "System quality through structured programming," AFIPS Proc FJCC. 41-I(1972), pp. 339-343.

  1. Dahl O. J., E. W. Dijkstra, and C. A. R. Hoare, Structured programming. London and New York: Academic Press, 1972. 该专栏包括了最完整的讨论处理. 参见Dijkstra的书信"GOTO statement considered harmful," CACM., 11,3(March, 1968), pp. 147-148.

  2. Bohm C.,and A. Jacopini, "Flow diagrams, Turing machines, and languages with only two formation rules," CACM., 9, 5(May, 1966), pp. 366-371.

  3. Codd E. F., E. S. Lowry, E. McDonough, and C. A. Scalzi, "Multiprogramming STRETCH: Feasibility considerations," CACM., 2, 11(Nov., 1959), pp. 13-17.

  4. Strachey, C., "Time sharing in large fast computers," Proc. Int. Conf. on Info. Processing. UNESCO (June, 1959), pp. 336-341. 参见Codd在p.341上的评论, 他汇报了类似于Strachey论文中所建议工作的进展.

  5. Corbato F. J., M. Merwin-Daggett, and R. C. Daley "An experimental time-sharing system," AFIPS Proc SJCC., 2, (1962), pp. 335-344. 重印于S. Rosen, Programming Systems and Languages. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967, pp. 683- 698.

  6. Gold, M. M., "A methodology for evaluating time-shared computer system usage," Ph. D. dissertation. Carngie-Mellon University, 1967, p. 100.

  7. Gruenberger, F., "Program testing and validating," Datamation., 14,7 (July, 1968), pp. 39-47.

  8. Ralston, A., Introduction to Programming and Computer Science. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971. pp. 237-244.

  9. Brooks F. P., and K. E. Iverson, Automatic Data Processing, System/360 Edition. New York: Wiley, 1969, pp. 296-299.

  10. 一种良好的规格说明开发和系统构建及测试处理方法由F. M. Trapnell提出, "A systematic approach to the development of system programs," AFIPS Proc SJCC, 34, (1969), pp. 41-48.

  11. 实时系统需要环境仿真器. 例子参见M. G. Ginzberg, "Notes on testing real-time system programs," IBM Sys. J., 4, 1(1965), pp. 58-72.

  12. Lehman, M., and L. Belady, "Programming systems dynamics," 提出于ACM SIGOPS Third Symposium on Operating Systems Priciples, October, 1971.

第14章

  1. See C. H. Reynolds, "What's wrong with computer programming management?" in G. F. Weinwurm (ed.), On the Management of Computer Programming. Philadelphia: Auerbach, 1971, pp. 35-42.

  2. King, W. R., and T. A.Wilson, "Subjective time estimates in critical path planning-a preliminary analysis," Mgt. Sci., 13, 5(Jan., 1967), pp. 307-320, and sequel, W.R. King, D. M. Witterrongel, K. D. Hezel, "On the analysis of critical path time estimating behavior," Mgt. Sci., 14,1(Sept., 1967), pp. 79-84.

  3. 更详细的讨论, 参见Brooks, F. P., and K. E. Iverson, Automatic Data Processing, System/360 Edition. New York: Wiley, 1969. P. 428-230.

  4. Private communication.

第15章

  1. Goldsteine H. H., and J. von. Neumann, 在为U.S. Army Ordinance Department, 1947; 所提交的报告中"Planning and coding problems for en electronic computing instrument," Part II, Vol. 1.; 并在 J. von. Neumann, "Collected Works,"中重新发表 A. H. Taub (ed.). Vol. v., New York: Macmillan. P. 80-151.

  2. Private communication, 1957. 该观点在Iverson, K. E., "The use of APL in Teaching," Yorktown, N.Y.: IBM Corp., 1969中提出.

  3. PL/I的另外一个例子由B. Walter and M. Bohl, 在"From better to best - tips for good programming," Software Age, 3, 11(Nov., 1969), pp. 46-50中提出. 相同的技术可以使用在Algol中, 甚至还有一个Fortran格式的程序"STYLE"来达到上述效果. 参见D. D. McCracken, and G. M. Weinberg, "How to write a readable FORTRAN program," Datamation, 18, 10(Oct., 1972), pp. 73-77.

第16章

  1. 提名为"No Silver Bullet"的论文源自于Information Processing 1986, 由H. -J. Kugler (1986)所编辑的the Proceedings of the IFIP Tenth World Computing Conference, pp. 1069-76. 在IFIP和Elsevier Science B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands的获准后重印.

  2. Parnas, D. L., "Designing software for ease of extension and contraction," IEEE Trans on SE, 5, 2 (March, 1979), pp. 128-138.

  3. Booch, G., "Object-oriented design," Software Engineering with Ada. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings, 1983.

  4. Mostow, J., ed., Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering, IEEE Trans. on SE, 11, 11 (Nov., 1985).

  5. Parnas, D. L., "Software aspects of strategic defense systems," Communications of the ACM, 28, 2 (Dec., 1985), pp. 1326-1335. Also in American Scientist, 73,5 (Sept.-Oct., 1985), pp. 432-440.

  6. Balze , R., "A 15-year perspective on automatic programming," 在Mostow, 引文中.

  7. Mostow, 引文.

  8. Parnas, 1985, 引文.

  9. Raeder, G., "A survey of current graphical programming techniques," in R. B. Grafton and T. Ichikawa, eds., Special Issue on Visual Programming, Computer, 18, 8 (Aug., 1985), pp. 11 -25.

  10. 该题目在本书的第15章有所讨论.

  11. Mills, H., "Top-down programming in large systems," Debugging Techniques in Large Systems, R. Rustin, ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

  12. Boehm, B. W., "A spiral model of software development and enhancement," Computer, 20, 5 (May, 1985), pp. 43-57.

第17章

未被引用的材料源自于私下交流.

  1. Brooks, F. P., "No silver bullet - essence and accidents of software engineering," in Information Processing 86, H. J. Kugler ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, (North Holland), 1986, pp. 1069-1076.

  2. Brooks, F. P., "No silver bullet - essence and accidents of software engineering," Computer, 20, 4 (Apr., 1987), pp. 10-19.

  3. 许多信件和一些回复, 出现在the July, 1987 issue of Computer. 非常高兴地看到《没有银弹》没有接受任何大奖, Bruce M. Skwiersky's的评论作为Computer Reviews 在1988年选出的最佳评论. Е. А. Weiss, "Editorial," Computer Reviews (June, 1988), pp. 283-284, 均宣布了上述评论的获奖情况和重新提出了Skwiersky的观点. 该评论有一个重大的错误: "sixfold"应该为"106".

  4. "根据经院哲学中亚里士多德提出, 次要(accident)是不属于事物必要或者根本的属性, 而是作为其他原因引起的后果. Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2d ed., Springfield, Mass.: G. C. Merriam, 1960.

  5. Sayers, D. L., The Mind of the Maker. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 194.

  6. Glass, R. L., and S. A. Conger, "Research software talks: Intellectual or clerical?" Information or Management, 23, 4 (1992). 作者提出关于软件需求的度量结果是80%的智力和20%的书记工作. Fjelstadt and Hamlen, 1979, 对应用软件维护得到了相同的结果. 对于完整的任务而言, 据我所知还没有类似的测量.

  7. Herzberg, F., B. Mausner, and B. B. Sayderman. The Motivation to Work, 2nd ed. London: Wiley, 1959.

  8. Cox, B. J., "There is a silver bullet," Byte (Oct., 1990), pp. 209-218.

  9. Harel, D., "Biting the silver bullet: Toward a brighter future for system development," Computer (Jan., 1992), pp. 8-20.

  10. Parnas, D. L., "Software aspects of strategic defense systems," Communication of the ACM, 28, 12 (Dec., 1985), pp. 1326-1335.

  11. Turski, W. M., "And no philosophers' stone, either," in Information Processing 86, H. J. Kugler ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, North Holland, 1986, pp. 1077-1080.

  12. Glass, R. L., and S. A. Conger, "Research software tasks: Intellectual or clerical?" Information and Management, 23, 4 (1992), pp. 183-192.

  13. Review of Electronic Digital Computers, Proceedings of a Joint AIEEIRE Computer Conference (Philadelphia, Dec. 10-12, 1951). New York: American Institute of Electrical

Engineers. pp. 13-20.

  1. Ibid., pp. 36, 68, 71, 97.

  2. Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference, (Washington, Dec. 8-10, 1953). New York: Institute of Electrical Engineers. pp. 45-47.

  3. Proceedings of the 1955 Western Joint Computer Conference, (Los Angeles, March 1 -3, 1955). New York: Institute of Electrical Engineers.

  4. Everett, R. R., C. A. Zraket, and H. D. Bennington, "SAGE - a data processing system for air defense," Proceedings of the Eastern Joint Computer Conference (Washington, Dec. 11-13, 1957). New York: Institute of Electrical Engineers.

  5. Harel D., Lachover H., Haamad A., Pnueli A., Politi M., Sherman R., Shtul-Traurig A. "Statemate: A working environment for the development of complex reactive systems," IEEE Trans. on SE, 16, 4 (1990), pp. 403-444.

  6. Jones, C., Assessment and Control of Software Risks. Engltwood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1994. p. 619.

  7. Coqui, H., "Corporate survival: The software dimension," Focus '89, Cannes, 1989.

  8. Coggins, J. M., "Designing C++ libraries," C++ Journal. 1, 1 (June, 1990), pp. 25-32.

  9. 时态是将来时, 我所了解到的是, 没有类似关于第15次应用的报告.

  10. Jones, 引文, p. 604.

  11. Huang, Weigiao, "Industrializing software production," Proceedings ACM 1988 Computer Science Conference. 1988. Atlanta. 我觉得在类似的安排中, 缺乏个人工作机会的增长.

  12. 关于重用的整个IEEE Software1994年9月期刊.

  13. Jones, 引文, p. 323.

  14. Jones, 引文, p. 329.

  15. Yourdon, E., Decline and Fall of the American Programmer. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Yourdon Press, 1992. p. 22.

  16. Glass, R. L., "Glass" (专栏), System Development. (Jan., 1988), pp. 4-5.

第18章

  1. Boehm, B. W., Software Engineering Economics. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981. p. 81-84.

  2. McCarthy, J., "21 Rules for Delivering Great Software on Time," Software World USA Conference, Washington (Sept. 1994).

第19章

未被引用的材料源自于私下交流.

  1. 关于这个痛苦的话题, 参见Niklaus Wirth "A plea for lean software," Computer, 28, 2 (Feb., 1995), pp. 64-68.

  2. Coleman, D., "Word 6.0 packs in features; update slowed by baggage," MacWeek, 8, 38 (Sept. 26, 1994) , p. 1.

  3. 在发布安装之后, 一些机器语言和编程语言命令的概率数据被发表. 例子可参见J. Hennessy and D. Patterson, Computer Architecture. 尽管这些概率数据从不会精确匹配, 但对构建后续的产品非常有用. 据我所知, 在产品设计之前没有任何书面的概率估计, 事先估计和实际情况的比较就更少. Ken Brooks建议即使只有少数人会作出答复, 现在Internet上的公告牌为提供成本更低廉的方法, 从新产品的预期用户获取数据.

  4. Conklin, J., and M. Begeman, "gIBIS: A hypertext Tool for Exploratory Policy Descussion," ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, Oct. 1988. p. 303-331.

  5. Englebart, D., and W. English, "A research center for augmenting human intellect," AFIPS Conference Proceedings, Fall Joint Computer Conference. San Francisco (Dec. 9-11, 1968). p. 395-410.

  6. Apple Computer, Inc., Macintosh Human Interface Guidelines, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1992.

  7. Apple Desk Top Bus在电气上可以控制两个鼠标, 但操作系统并未提供类似功能.

  8. Royce, W. W., 1970. "Managing the development of large software system, s: Concepts and techniques," Proceedings, WESCON (Aug., 1970). 在ICSE 9 Proceedings上重新发表.

Royce和其他人均认为软件过程从始至终不修订前期文档是不可能的; 模型是作为理想情况和概念提出的. D. L. Parnas, and P. C. Clements, "A rational design process: How and why to fake it," IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-12, (Feb., 1986), p. 251-257.

  1. DOD-STD-2167重新制订的工作产生了DOD-STD-2167A (1988), 它允许但并为制订新的模型如螺旋模型等. Boehm报告指出: 不幸的是, 2167A所参考的军标MILSPECS和说明性的例子依然是面向瀑布模型的, 因此依然继续使用瀑布模型. Larry Druffel和George Heilmeyer所领导的国防科学委员会(Defence Science Board Task Force), 在他们1994年的报告"Report of the DSB task force on acquiring defense software commercially"中曾提倡大规模的使用更现代的模型.

  2. Mills, H., "Top-down programming in large systems," in Debugging Techniques in Large Systems, R.Rustin ed., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

  3. Parnas, D. L., "On the design and development of program families," IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, SE-2, 1 (March, 1976), p. 1-9; Parnas, D. L., "Designing software for ease of extension and construction," IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, SE-5, 2 (March, 1979), p. 128-138.

  4. D. Harel, "Biting the silver bullet," Computer, (Jan., 1992), p. 8-20.

  5. 信心隐藏方面的开创性文章是: Parnas, D. L., "Information distribution aspects of design methodology," Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Dept. Of Computer Science Technical Report. (Feb., 1971); Parnas D. L., "A technique for software module specification with examples," Comm. ACM, 5, 5 (May, 1972), p. 330-336; Parnas, D. L. (1972). "On the criteria to be used in decomprosing systems into modules," Comm. ACM, 5, 12 (Dec., 1972), p. 1053-1058.

  6. 对象的思想首先由Hoare and Dijkstra提出, 但是第一个和最有影响力的案例是Dahl and Nygaard发明的Simula-67语言.

  7. Boehm, B. W., Software Engineering Economics. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981. pp. 83-94; 470-472.

  8. Abdel-Hamid, T., and S. Madnick, Software Project Dynamics: An Integrated Approach. Ch. 19, "Model enhancement and Brooks's law." Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1991.

  9. Stutzke, R. D., "A mathematical expression of Brooks's Law," In Ninth International Forum on COCOMO and Cost Modeling. Los Angeles, 1994.

  10. DeMarco, T., and T. Lister, Peopleware: Productive Projects and Teams. New York: Dorset House, 1987.

  11. Pius XI, Encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, [Ihm, Claudia Carlen. (ed.). The Papal Encyclicals 1903-1939. Raleigh, N. C.: McGrath. P. 428.]

  12. Schumacher, E. F., Small Is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered. Perennian Library Edition. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. P. 244.

  13. Schumacher, 引文, p. 34.

  14. 一则发人深醒的海报声称: "言论自由属于拥有它们的人."

  15. Bush, V., "That we may think," Atlantic Monthly, 176, 1 (Apr., 1945), p. 101-108.

  16. Unix的发明人Кen Тhompson of Bell Labs很早就认识到大屏幕对编程的重要性. 他在他原始的Tektronix电子显象管上发明了在两列中显示120行代码的方法. 他在整个高速显象管和小型窗口的时代中坚持使用该终端.