索引

Abramoff,Jack,杰克·阿布拉莫夫,3,30,91,151,152

Abscam,FBI,秘密侦查及起诉腐败官员的行动代号,150

accomplices,共犯,35,45,70,77,107,111,181,196

ACLU,美国公民自由联盟,4, 123, 137, 190

Actual Innocence,本应无罪,70

adversarial system,对抗制,6, 40, 74, 96, 161

African American,非裔美国人,(同样可参见黑人), 10, 33, 101,102, 104—106, 113,114, 126,127, 130, 196, 207, 210

advantaged,极有优势的, 105

disproportionate punishment of,罪行不对等,6

drug convictions,对毒品犯罪的定罪, 105

relationships with police,与警察的关系, 114

African Americans and Latinos,非裔美国人和拉丁裔,6,102

al Qaeda,基地组织,172

American Bar Association,全美律师协会,60, 189, 197

Andersen, Arthur,安达信会计师事务所,154, 158

Anthony, Carmelo,卡梅洛·安东尼,7, 122, 127

Ashcroft, John,约翰·阿什克罗夫特,162, 170

attorney-client privilege,律师-委托人特权,161,162

authoritarianism,专制主义,137, 203,204

Baldwin, James,詹姆斯·鲍德温,114

Bell, Sean,西恩·贝尔,126, 128

Benner, Lawrence,劳伦斯·本纳,87

Bentham, Jeremy,杰瑞米·边沁,94

BET,网站名称,123

biases, social,社会偏见,175

Bibas, Stephanos,斯蒂芬诺斯·比巴斯,89

Bill of Rights,权利法案,55

black: communities,黑人社区,5, 104,105, 108, 113, 137, 146,147, 201, 205

defendants,被告,102, 113

experiences with criminal system,关于刑事制度的经验,102, 113,114, 126

political communities,政治共同体,209. See also African American,同样可参见非裔美国人

Black Panther Party,黑豹党,146, 209

Bonds, Barry,巴里·邦兹,24

Brady v. Maryland,布雷迪诉马里兰州案,58

disclosure requirements,披露要求,58, 94

Brooklyn drug snitch police scandal,布鲁克林告密缉毒警丑闻,32, 88, 185

Brown, Darryl,达里尔·布朗,152

Brown, Ethan,伊森·布朗,124, 127

bugging, third-party,第三方窃听,56

Bulger, Whitey,巴尔杰·怀蒂,33, 36,37

Burglary,入室盗窃,26,106

California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice,加州公正司法委员会60, 197

Cam'ron,卡梅隆,123—125, 135, 136

Canada,加拿大,64

Canada, Geoffrey,杰弗里·加拿大,125

capital cases,死刑案件,7, 60, 70, 77, 192, 193

Center on Wrongful Convictions,以错误定罪为中心,7, 70, 77, 199

Chambers, Andrew,安德鲁·钱伯森,27

Chamillionaire,富豪,135

Chevigny, Paul,保罗·切维尼,151

child pornography,儿童色情文学,27, 51

children,儿童,126, 130, 132, 136, 207, 211, 212

Chuck D,说唱歌手名,136

Churches,教堂,116, 132, 148

CIA,中情局,169, 172

civilian review boards,民事案件审查委员会,85

civil liberties,公民自由,169, 173

civil rights,民权,9, 136, 137, 146, 173, 203, 205, 207, 209

classified information,机密信息,169

Clinton, William,威廉·克林顿,50

Coco Brothers,说唱歌手组合,135

Cole, David,大卫·科尔,206

Colomb, Ann,安·哥伦布,71

communal harm,对公众的伤害,208

community policing,社区治安,199

compelled waivers,强制豁免,161, 166

Computer Associates,美国联合电脑公司,154, 159, 161

Confrontation Clause,对质诘问权条款,59

constitutional rights,宪法权利,50, 55, 62, 72, 147, 164

Cooper, Anderson,安德森·库珀,123

Corporate Fraud Task Force,企业欺诈特别工作组,154

Corporations,公司,2, 140, 153, 154, 158—161, 163—166, 211

civil liability,企业民事责任,153

cooperation agreements,企业合作协议,158—163

counsel,建议,161

corroboration requirements,佐证要求,7, 60, 81, 190, 192, 196—197

cost-benefit analysis,成本收益分析,12, 119

courts,法院,10, 37, 45, 48, 50—53, 57, 59, 61—63, 67, 76, 87, 91, 97—99, 184, 190, 191, 194, 195; electronic records,电子记录,98

federal,联邦,50, 84, 191; public record,公共记录,98

covert operations,秘密行动,140, 176, 203

crimes: addiction-related,与毒瘾有关的犯罪, 106

authorized,被授权的犯罪,109

black-on-black,黑人犯罪,126

committed by informants,线人所犯罪行,32, 33, 36, 38, 47, 109, 111, 118, 143, 173, 182; condemning,谴责,17

corporate,合作,140, 153, 163, 189

exacerbating,加剧,39

federal,联邦,6

international,国际性犯罪, 66

organizational,有组织的犯罪,30

petty,轻罪,181

political,政治性犯罪, 140

toleration of,对犯罪的容忍, 4, 151

unaddressed,未解决的犯罪, 207

unauthorized,未被授权的犯罪, 32, 109, 110

crime victims,刑事被害人,38, 39, 43, 99, 132, 178, 189, 207, 208, 212

criminalization,犯罪化,202

criminal law, harshness of,犯罪的附带后果,5, 116

criminal procedure,刑事程序,17, 45, 48, 53, 140, 157, 168

disclosure rules,披露规则,10, 54, 88

criminal records,犯罪记录,58, 72, 80, 92, 99

cross-examination,盘问,76—78, 195

culture: informant,告密文化,12, 51, 97, 131, 140, 152, 191; legal,法律文化,12, 65, 83, 88, 89, 139, 206; popular,流行文化,7, 135

white collar,白领文化,154

Dallas fake drug scandal,达拉斯假毒品丑闻,7, 37, 80

data, informant-related,与线人有关的数据,12, 97, 179

Daubert v. Merrell Dow,道伯特诉梅里尔·道氏公司案, 195

Dawson, Angela,安吉拉·道森,130

DEA,美国毒品监督管理局,18, 26, 27, 32, 35, 36, 54, 141, 169, 187

death penalty,死刑,33, 74, 147

defense counsel,辩护律师,6, 16, 17, 23—25, 40, 42, 46, 49, 55, 56, 75, 86, 140, 152, 155, 158, 161, 183, 184

proposal,辩护建议,183

public,公众权利, 42, 80, 184

right to,抗辩权,24, 46, 49, 55, 56, 86, 164

role of,抗辩作用,24, 25, 40, 42, 89, 90, 141, 155, 156, 192

white collar,为白领犯罪案辩护,24, 140, 155, 166

defense informants,辩方线人,186, 187

deferred prosecution agreement(DPA),暂缓起诉协议,159—164, 188—189

Delahunt, William,威廉·德拉亨特, 144—145

DeLorean, John,约翰·德洛林, 95

Democracy,民主,94, 176, 201—203, 205, 210

Diallo, Amadou,阿马杜·迪亚洛, 126, 128

dignitary values,崇高的价值,207, 209

disabilities, mental,精神障碍,41, 185, 206

discovery,发现,10, 37, 58, 60, 78, 81, 84, 91—94, 192, 194, 200

distrust,对警方不信任,8, 33, 77, 108, 111, 114, 116, 118, 126—129, 132, 136

of police,警方,警察,124, 128, 129, 132

DNA technology, DNA技术,7

DOJ guidelines,司法部出台的准则,143

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor,费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基,201

drug addiction, addicted informants,吸毒成瘾的线人, 3, 26, 28, 41, 54, 69, 88, 109—111, 128, 184—186, 188

importance of,吸毒线人的价值,3, 40, 105, 106, 111

drug economy,毒品经济,119, 124

drug enforcement,缉毒,2, 9, 25, 73, 103, 105, 137, 139, 155, 163, 208

investigative methods,毒品调查方法,26, 35, 66, 115, 119, 185

long-term strategy,禁毒的长期策略,39, 119

racial disproportion,缉毒中的种族歧视,102, 113, 205

in urban communities,城市社区中的缉毒,103, 113, 115

drug informants, problems with,毒品线人的问题,26, 28, 35, 41, 128, 179

drug offenders,毒品犯罪,51, 102, 105, 106

African American,非裔美国人毒品罪犯,102

federal,联邦毒品罪犯,107

incarcerated,被监禁的毒品罪犯,102

drug offenses,毒品犯罪,102, 105, 197

drugs, arrests,逮捕毒贩,5, 104, 186

informants working for,为毒品而从事线人活动的人,54, 88

information about,毒品信息,39

innocent suspects,无辜的毒品嫌疑犯, 80

long sentences,被长期监禁的毒贩,106

organization dynamics, 112, 165, 186

rehabilitation programs,毒贩的再社会化工程,185

suspects compared to white collar suspects,毒品嫌犯与白领嫌犯相比, 155

task forces,毒品特勤部门,3, 4

trafficking and witness intimidation,贩卖毒品和恐吓证人,30, 134

war on,禁毒战争,32

Due Process Clause,正当程序条款,74, 150

Dwyer, Jim,吉姆·德怀尔,70

East Germany, Stasi,斯塔西(原德意志民主共和国的国内保安部队),203, 204

Economy,经济,139, 202

corporate stability,企业经济稳定,160

grey-market,灰市经济, 102

Education,经济,40, 212

electronic surveillance,电子监控,56, 57

national security related,与国家安全有关的电子监控,169

El Rukn,El Rukn,帮派,28

Enron,安然公司,154, 155, 158

Entrapment,诱捕,61, 149, 171

environmental groups,环保团体,148

equality,平等,5, 210; racial,种族平等,177

ESPN,娱乐与体育电视网,127

European drug enforcement,欧洲缉毒局,66

“Everything Secret Degenerates,”任何事情一旦属于秘密,就会发生退化,97

executive privilege,行政优益权,97

exonerations,免责申明,69, 70, 77, 79, 80

families, extended,延伸至家庭,103, 107

Fastow, Andrew,安德鲁·法斯托,22, 30, 91, 155

Fastow, Lea,莉亚·法斯托,22

FBI,联邦调查局,19, 26, 32, 36, 37, 47, 54, 61, 97, 107, 109, 119, 141—147, 169—173, 179, 180, 187, 188

agents,联邦调查局探员,37, 141, 150, 182

Boston office,联邦调查局波士顿办事处,36

failure to protect informant,FBI未能保护线人,63

infiltrations,渗透,148

informant failures,线人行动失败,97, 144

informant Gary Rowe,线人加里·罗,146

informants and Martin Luther King,线人和马丁·路德·金,146

informants committing crimes,线人承认犯罪,144

informant William O'Neal,线人威廉·奥尼尔,146

mafia informants,黑手党中的线人,36, 97, 119, 144

national security investigations,国家安全调查,170

neo-Nazi informant,新纳粹组织中的线人,146

number of informants,线人数量,141

regulations,规制,19, 26, 47, 141, 145, 170, 179, 180, 187

secrecy,保密,97

terrorism informants,恐怖组织中的线人,172

federal antigratuity act,联邦反酬金法案(该法案禁止向证人提供“任何有价值的东西”),60

federal bank bailout,联邦银行救助计划,154

Federal Tort Claims Act,联邦侵权赔偿法案,62, 63

Fifth Amendment,宪法第五修正案,55, 56, 86

Filip Memorandum,菲利普备忘录,158, 161, 162, 165, 189

First Amendment,宪法第一修正案,2, 94—96, 147—149

Fitzgerald, Dennis,丹尼斯·菲茨杰拉德,18, 23, 24, 36, 40

Flemmi, Stephen,斯蒂芬·弗莱米,33, 36, 142

Forbes,福布斯,153, 160

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act(FISA),外国情报监听法案,169

Forfeiture,没收,27, 54, 142

Fortunato, Stephen,史蒂芬·福图纳托,153

Fourth Amendment,宪法第四修正案,55, 56, 85, 86, 169

France,法国,66

Fratianno, Jimmy,吉米·弗拉蒂安诺,72, 142

fraud, corporate,公司欺诈,22, 26, 139, 154

Freedom of Information Act,信息自由法案,92

free speech,言论自由,95, 147, 203

gangs,犯罪团伙,2, 28, 33, 43, 77, 112, 131—134

drug activity,团体犯罪活动,132

Gepfert,Amy,艾米·格普费特,4,41,62

Germany,德国,65, 66

Giglio v. United States,吉利奥诉合众国案,58, 93

Goldstein, Tom,汤姆·戈登斯坦,75

Goodfellas(movie),好家伙(电影名),30

Gotti, John,约翰·戈蒂,3, 143

Governance,治理,103, 116, 176, 203. See also democracy,亦可参见民主

Gravano,Salvatore “Sammy the Bull,”塞尔瓦托·格拉瓦诺“公牛萨米”,3,26,143

Great Britain,大不列颠,64

Griffin, Lisa,丽萨·格里芬,161

Gross, Samuel,萨缪尔·格罗斯,70, 79

Guantanamo Bay,关塔莫湾,167

Hampton, Fred,弗雷德·汉普顿,146

Handlers,管理者、操控者,18, 19, 22, 26, 32, 48, 141, 143, 144, 168, 173

Harlem,哈莱姆(纽约市的一个区),2, 8, 125

Harris, George,乔治·哈里斯,72, 186, 195

Hearne, Texas,得克萨斯·赫恩,3, 4, 26, 185, 206

Hell's Angels,地狱天使,77

Hill, Henry,亨利·希尔,30

Hill, Marc Lamont,马克·拉蒙特·希尔,137

hip hop,嘻哈文化,7, 124, 125, 128, 135, 136, 138. See also rap,亦可参加rap

Hispanic,西班牙语国家,113, 127

households,西班牙裔住户,5, 113. See also Latino,亦可参见Latino

Hoffa v. United States,霍法诉合众国案,55, 56, 85

Hoffman, Rachel,瑞秋·霍夫曼,41, 183

Homeland Security,国土安全,173

Hoover, Edgar,埃德加·胡佛,149, 204, 209

Hughes, Graham,格雷厄姆·休斯,17, 157

Human Rights Watch,人权观察社,101

Human Source Review Committee,人资审查委员会,142, 170

Ice T,演员名,125

Illinois Commission on Capital Punishment,伊利诺伊州死刑委员会,70, 192

Immigration,外来移民,29, 168, 173, 202

Immortal Technique,蝰蛇唱片公司(Viper Records)总裁,136

Immunity,豁免,48, 63, 109, 142, 157, 189

impeachment material,指控材料,58, 74, 77, 92, 193, 194

incarceration, policy,监禁政策,202, 208, 212

inequalities, social and economic,社会和经济不平等,166, 175, 202, 203, 207, 212

informant culture,线人文化,84, 99, 163

informants, addicted,对线人的依赖,184, 185

addicted(see drugs); confidentiality,机密线人,10, 84, 96

elimination of,禁止使用线人,112

in-custody,在押期间,60, 70, 178, 197

in-custody(see jailhouse informants); juvenile,青少年线人,185(see also juvenile informants); mafia,黑手党,36, 97, 119, 144

noncustodial,非在押线人,178

political,线人政治,146, 149, 151

testimony,线人的证词,7, 9, 60, 171, 198, 199

unreliability,不可靠的线人,60, 63, 77, 197, 198

vulnerable,易受侵害的线人,39, 41, 158, 184

well-resourced,拥有良好资源的线人,40, 42

wired,有线线人,57, 86

witnesses,线人证人,58, 76, 78, 191, 194, 196

innocence movement,无辜者运动,7, 192

innocent defendants,无辜被告,7, 69, 72, 78—80

international anti-terrorism effort,国际反恐努力,1, 66, 173

internet,互联网,97, 98

court website access,访问法院网站的途径,84

interrogation,质问,23, 24, 206

investigative techniques,侦查技术,55, 81, 85, 86, 88, 89, 149, 169

Israel,犹太人,204

Italy,意大利,65, 66

Jackson-Lee, Sheila,希拉·杰克逊·李,196

Jacobs, Bruce,布鲁斯·雅各布斯,111

Jailhouse Informant Committee,监狱线人委员会,190

jailhouse informants(see also informants, in-custody),监狱线人,7, 54, 56, 60, 64, 70—72, 75, 178, 189, 190, 192, 193, 197, 198

central index,中央索引,190

corroboration requirement,佐证要求,197

prison ring,狱侦耳目,71

Japan,日本,67

Jeffery, Marvin,马文·杰弗里,16, 17, 38

Jencks Act,詹克斯法案,59

Jessamy, Patricia,帕特里夏·杰萨米,131

Jewish orthodox community,犹太东正教社区,4

Johnston, Kathryn,凯瑟琳·约翰斯顿,1, 2, 28, 43, 88, 191, 206, 208

judicial discretion and review,司法裁量与司法复核,31, 85, 89, 104, 161, 190, 191

juries,陪审团,17, 52, 58, 72, 75—78, 80, 150, 189, 191, 194, 195, 197—199

distrust of informants,对线人的不信任,77

instructions,对线人的指导,78, 192, 197, 198

juvenile informants,青少年线人,41, 112, 184, 188

Kaufman Commission,考夫曼委员会,64

Kelly, Regina,瑞金娜·凯莉,206

Kennedy, Anthony,安东尼·肯尼迪,95

Kennedy, David,大卫·肯尼迪,115

Kennedy, Randall,兰德尔·肯尼迪,114, 207

Khanna, Vikramaditya,维克拉马迪亚·卡纳,163

King, Martin Luther,马丁·路德·金,146

KPMG,毕马威会计师事务所,154, 159, 160, 164

La Cosa Nostra,意大利黑手党成员,36

Latino,拉丁裔,102, 130, 208. See also Hispanic law, biblical, 196

traditional Jewish,传统犹太人,5

Law and Order SVU,法律与秩序SVU(电视节目),125

law enforcement, goals,法律实施目标,126, 163

international,国际社会执法,66

law enforcement discretion(see also police, discretion),执法裁量权, 6, 16, 21, 26, 46, 60, 67, 89, 168, 190, 206. See also prosecutorial discretion

Lay, Kenneth,肯尼斯·雷,22, 30

legal system,法律体系,9, 29, 84, 118, 129, 138, 167, 176

legislation,立法,7, 41, 161, 177, 181, 183

legislatures,立法机构,34, 41, 54, 60, 67, 84, 94, 99, 145, 178—181, 184, 193, 194, 210, 211

ceding authority,立法机关授予的权力,10, 67, 181

reform,立法机构改革,41, 60, 178—180, 193, 194

role of,立法机关的角色,34

Lentol, Joseph,兰托尔·约瑟夫,181, 199

liability, governmental,政府责任,62, 63

Lil' Kim,莉儿·金,123, 135

Los Angeles District Attorney's Office,洛杉矶地区检察官办公室,75, 189

Los Angeles Grand Jury investigation,洛杉矶大陪审团调查,75

Los Angeles Rampart scandal,洛杉矶堡垒丑闻,28, 80, 185

Louima, Abner,艾布纳·鲁伊马,126, 128

Lungren,Daniel,丹尼尔·隆格伦,144,145,173

Madinger, John,约翰·麦丁格,20, 69

Malcolm X,马尔科姆·X,211

Mallory, Stephen,史蒂芬·马洛里,18—20, 40

mandatory minimum sentences,强制性最低刑期,51, 104

Mann, Kenneth,肯尼斯·曼,155

Martorano, John,约翰·马托拉诺,33

Marx, Gary,加里·马尔克斯,31, 67, 139, 140, 149, 176, 204

Maryland prisons,马里兰州监狱,105

McNulty, Paul,保罗·麦克纳尔蒂,158, 161

Megress, Derrick,德里克·米特里斯,3, 4, 26, 185

Melancon, Tucker,塔克·梅兰肯,71

Menino, Thomas,托马斯·梅尼诺,123

mental disability,精神障碍,184

Mexico City,墨西哥城,138

Mikva, Abner,艾布纳·米克瓦,175

Milken, Michael,迈克尔·密尔肯,153

Miller, Jerome,杰罗姆·米勒,101, 111

Milwaukee,密尔沃基,122, 133, 134

Nadelmann, Ethan,伊桑·纳德尔曼,66

national security,国家安全,169, 170, 173; letters,国家安全信函,169

Netherlands,荷兰,65, 66

Neufeld, Peter,纽菲尔德·彼得,70

news media,新媒体,41, 94, 95, 122, 132, 135, 209

Newton, Huey,休伊·牛顿,136

Ninth Commandment,第九诫,192

Northern Ireland,北爱尔兰,204

O'Brien, Barbara,芭芭拉·奥布莱恩,79

O'Burke, Patrick,帕特里克·奥伯克,186

offenders: black male,非裔年轻罪犯,101

child pornography,儿童色情文学罪, 181

first-time,初犯,160

jailed,受监禁的罪犯,106

recidivist,累犯,106

violent,暴力犯罪的罪犯,39

vulnerable,弱势罪犯,166

white male,年轻白人罪犯,102

one-party consent,单方同意,57

openness, presumption of,对公开性的推定,95, 99

organizations: antiwar,反战组织,203

corrupt,腐败组织143

culpable,犯罪集团,165

terrorist,恐怖组织,29

organized crime,有组织犯罪,25, 30, 139—142

outrageous government conduct,极为离谱的政府行为,61

overenforcement,执法过度,207, 208

Palestinian territories,巴勒斯坦领土,204

PATRIOT Act,爱国者法案,169

Perry, Rick,里克·佩里,196

Philadelphia,费城,54, 133

plea, wired,关联抗辩,49

plea bargaining,辩诉交易,6, 11, 12, 16—18, 41, 79, 84, 89, 96, 157, 176, 192

federal,联邦案件中的辩诉交易,51

negotiations,辩诉交易谈判,54, 83, 194

process,辩诉交易程序, 194

secrecy of,辩诉交易的秘密性,96

trading information,辩诉交易中的信息交换,34

traditional,辩诉交易传统,16, 17, 91

police,警察, 4, 6, 8, 11, 16—19, 23, 24, 26, 27, 34, 36, 42—44, 46

brutality,警察暴行,126

community relations,警察与社区间的关系,2, 8, 118, 132

discretion,警察的裁量权,6, 11, 26, 34, 36, 47, 85(see also law enforcement discretion)

distrust,对警察的不信任,135, 138

legitimacy,警察行为的合法性,115, 129

performance measures,警察的绩效衡量,67, 186

perjury,伪证罪,80

protecting informants,保护线人,27

public cooperation with,警方同公众的合作,128

relations with informants,警方同线人的关系,4

resources,警方的资源,113

police reports,警方报告,47, 85, 90, 133

policification,政治化,202

Posner,Richard,理查德·波斯纳,39

Presser, Jackie,杰基·普雷瑟,143

pretrial diversion,审前分流程序,160

privacy,隐私,55, 56, 67, 169, 203, 204, 206, 207, 210

procedural justice,程序正义,129

procedural protections,程序性保护,45, 69, 81

proffer sessions,同政府举行的会议,21, 22, 156

Project Pat,说唱歌手名,135

prosecutorial discretion,检察裁量权,3, 49, 50, 191, 211. See also law enforcement discretion,亦可参见执法裁量权

prosecutorial guidelines,检察官的线人工作指南,162, 188

prostitution,卖淫,4, 32, 41, 61, 140

public defender,公设辩护人,69, 206

Public Enemy,公敌,136

public scrutiny of informants practices,公众对线人实践的监督,3, 6, 67, 144, 151, 177

race,种族,33, 50, 102, 112, 124, 126, 132, 154, 179, 207

disparate treatment in drug enforcement,毒品执法中基于种族的差别对待,102

institutionalized disparity,种族差距制度化,205

Rachel's Law,雷切尔法,200

racial minorities,少数族裔,3, 153, 206

racial profiling,对种族的刻板看法,85, 114, 126, 208

racial segregation,种族隔离,102, 114, 205

Rahman, Sheik Omar Abdel,谢赫·奥马尔·阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼,167

Rap,说唱音乐,123, 135, 136, 138. See also hip hop

reliability hearings,可靠性听证,7, 60, 81, 192, 194, 195, 200

Reno, Janet,珍妮特·雷诺,127

Republican National Convention,共和党全国代表大会,147

Responsible Cooperators Program,线人合作者计划,168

Rhymes,Busta,布斯塔·莱姆斯,123, 124, 135

Richman, Daniel,丹尼尔·里奇曼,23, 25, 156

Ross, Jacqueline,杰奎琳·罗斯,64, 66

Salem,Emad,埃马德·塞勒姆,167

Sampson, Robert,罗伯特·桑普森,114

San Diego Search Warrant Project,圣地亚哥搜查令项目,113

Saunders,Rayco,雷科·桑德斯,121—123

Scarface,说唱歌手,135

Scheck, Barry,巴里·舍克,70

Schwarzenegger, Arnold,阿诺德·施瓦辛格,60, 197

Scrushy, Richard,理查德·斯克鲁希,156

Seale, Bobby,鲍比·西尔,136

Searches,搜查,5, 19, 31, 55, 70, 81, 85, 88, 113, 180

selection bias,选举偏见,150

sentences, mandatory,执行死刑,29, 33, 51, 128

sentencing guidelines,量刑指南,25, 26, 29, 47, 48, 50—53, 141, 142, 159, 170, 187—190

Sentencing Guidelines, federal,联邦量刑指南,79, 104

Sex,性,4, 28, 37, 41, 61, 62

Sharpton, Al,阿尔·夏普顿,2

Simon, Jonathan,乔纳森·西蒙,176, 201, 205

Skilling, Jeffrey,杰弗里·斯基林,154, 155

Sklansky,David,大卫·斯克兰斯基,203

Skolnick, Jerome,罗姆·斯科尔尼克,93, 110

Smith,Kemba,肯巴·史密斯,50

Smithsonian,史密森学会,2

social consequences of snitching,告密的社会影响,5, 8, 9, 13, 101, 108, 111, 117, 129, 176, 202, 207

sociology,社会学,40, 107, 111

solitary confinement,单独监禁,42

Soviet Union, former,前苏联,66

sports doping scandal,体育竞技兴奋剂丑闻,30

stop snitching,停止告密,7, 121—129, 131—133, 135—138, 199, 209, 210

cultural phenomena,停止告密的文化,10, 135, 136; DVD, 7, 10, 122, 124, 25, 127, 131, 133, 134; motto,停止告密口号,124, 138

t-shirts,停止告密文化衫,7, 10, 121—124, 133, 134, 138

Stuntz, William,威廉·斯顿茨,34

Suge, Skinny,说唱歌手名,122

surveillance, wired informant,被监禁的线人,57

S-visa,S—签证,29

target letter,目标信,24, 155

targets, selecting,选择目标,11, 36, 73

Tats Cru,特茨克鲁,2

terrorism informants,恐怖主义犯罪线人,167, 168, 171—173

active,恐怖活动,172

domestic,国内恐怖主义活动线人,170

text-messaging crime tip program,短信犯罪举报计划,134, 199

Title III,第三类申请,57

Tonry, Michael,迈克尔·汤里,117

Toure,作家图埃,128

Transparency,透明度,89, 94—96, 98, 141, 176, 191, 194

Travis, Jeremy,杰里米·特拉维斯,127

trial-based reforms,审判为基础的诉讼制度,192

trial penalty,审判处罚,79

Trott, Stephen,斯蒂芬·特罗特,69, 77, 163

Trust,信任,43, 111, 115, 118, 128, 129, 131, 132, 166, 199

Tulia, Texas,得克萨斯州的图里亚,80, 185, 196

“two witness” rule,两名证人规则,196

Tyler, Tom,汤姆·泰勒,115, 128, 129

uncharged suspects,未受起诉犯罪嫌疑人,46, 183

undercover operations,卧底行动,7, 35, 39, 65, 66, 167

underenforcement, 129, 131, 207, 208

underground economy,灰色经济,103

unemployment,失业,102

United States v. Ruiz,在合众国诉鲁伊斯案,58, 92, 93, 97, 193

urban communities,城市社区,2, 10, 39, 101—103, 113, 117, 139, 207

disadvantaged,处于弱势地位的社区,129, 130, 137, 205

drug enforcement in,城市社区的毒品执法,101

high crime,城市社区的高犯罪率,39,108,110,113,116,118,119,126,130,132,133,135,138,166,179,181,199,202

informants in,城市社区中的线人,103

responses to snitching, 126, 134, 210

vulnerable, 5, 103, 138, 204, 207

U.S.Congress,美国国会,50, 51, 59, 83, 97, 151, 154, 161

U.S.Department of Justice,美国司法部,24, 26, 47, 71, 97, 141, 143, 153, 154, 159, 162, 172, 180, 189

U.S.House Judiciary Committee,联邦众议院司法委员会,144, 162, 186, 199

U.S.House of Representatives,联邦众议院,36, 97

U.S.Judicial Conference,全美司法委员会,98

Venkatesh, Sudhir,苏迪尔·文卡特什,102

victims and victimization,受害人与被害人,5, 102, 103, 114, 158, 181, 208, 209

video cameras,摄像机,55, 57

warrants,逮捕令,1, 55, 57, 59, 61, 86, 88

false applications,伪造的搜查令申,1

informant-based,基于线人活动的逮捕令,87

phantom affidavits,虚假宣誓书,88

whistleblowers,告密者,9, 178

white,白人,6, 102, 113, 127. See also black

White, Alex,亚历克斯·怀特,1, 28

White, Leslie,莱斯利·怀特,189

white collar crime,白领犯罪,9, 140, 154

white supremacist groups,白人至上主义团体,146

whosarat.com,网址,98

wiretaps,窃听器,31, 55, 57, 86, 146, 169

witness intimidation,恐吓线人,42, 43, 98, 112, 124, 129, 131—134, 138, 177, 183, 209

witness protection,保护证人,3, 30, 42, 131, 133, 142, 143, 168, 182, 183

federal programs,联邦保护证人计划,26, 75, 182

state programs,州保护证人计划,29

strengthening,强化证人保护,182

WITSEC,联邦政府的证人安全计划,182

working off a charge,抵消指控,22, 91

WorldCom,世通公司,154

wrongful convictions,错误定罪,7, 12, 63, 64, 70—72, 77, 78, 81, 113, 145, 194

Yaroshefsky, Ellen,艾伦·亚罗舍夫斯基,21, 35

Young Jeezy,说唱歌手名,135

Zimmer Holdings,美国捷迈医疗公司,162